Back injury in general, and spondylolysis in particular, represents a serious threat to the fast bowler. Hereditary factors, poor technique, overuse, and poor preparation for fast bowling may combine to produce the 'at risk' bowler. Three first-class county coaches were interviewed to establish a level of awareness of the lesion, with an emphasis on preparation of fast bowlers and the roles of ...

BACKGROUND It has been generally accepted that spondylolysis will decrease the segmental stability of the lumbar spine, increase the load exerted on the disc at the spondylolytic level and the level above, accelerating disc degeneration. AIM Here we describe the Buck's technique enhanced with pedical screw-rod-hook construct and discuss the indication of direct repair of pars defect with disc...

The medical cost associated with back pain in the United States is considerable and growing. Although the differential diagnosis of back pain is broad, epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between adult and adolescent complaints. Injury of the pars interarticularis is one of the most common identifiable causes of ongoing low back pain in adolescent athletes. It constitutes a spectrum o...