Spodoptera litura F. is a plant pest organism (OPT) on shallot plants that must be prevented so shallots become productive. One way to prevent it good and not damage the environment use of tumangsari in form celery plants. The purpose study was determine effectiveness (Apium Graveolens L.) as population Litura Repellent Plants Cultivation Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum Pesanggrahan Village. This ...

Cadmium is a potentially toxic and carcinogenic nonessential heavy metal. This study investigated Cd accumulation along the soil-plant (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)-insect (Prodenia litura) food chain and the detoxification strategies at different trophic levels. A. hypochondriacus leaves could accumulate high levels of Cd from polluted soil. The Cd concentration in P. litura larvae increased...

A novel delta-endotoxin gene from a lepidopteran-specific Bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain was cloned, and the full sequence of the cry gene was determined. The cloned 6.5-kb DNA fragment included the full sequence of the cry gene and three open reading frames located upstream of the cry gene. The gene, designated cry9Ec1, encodes a polypeptide of 1154 amino acid residues with a ...

Azadirachtin, the environmentally friendly botanical pesticide, has been used as an antifeedant and pest growth regulator in integrated pest management for decades. It has shown strong biological activity against Spodoptera litura, but the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. The present study showed that azadirachtin inhibited the growth of S. litura larvae, which was resulted by structure d...

Trichogramma, an egg parasitoid can be used in controlling many lepidopteran pests. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the capacity of these natural enemies in controlling the pest population so as to use them in biological control programs against the pest. Such an attempt was made in this particular study, where the parasitization rate of Trichogramma chilonis was tested on the eggs of...

Deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to the disruption of structural and functional integrity of cells as a consequence of reactive interaction between ROS and various biological components. Catalase (CAT) is a common enzyme existing in nearly all organisms exposed to oxygen, which decomposes harmful hydrogen peroxide, into water and oxygen. In this study, the full leng...

Methomyl is currently used as a toxicant for the attracticide BioAttract in cotton and vegetables in China. However, methomyl is highly toxic to non-target organisms and a more environmental friendly acceptable alternative is required. Larvae of three lepidopteran insects Helicoverpa armigera, Agrotis ipsilon and Spodoptera litura are important pests of these crops in China. In the present stud...

Insecticidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis interact with specific receptors located in the midguts of susceptible larvae, and the interaction is followed by a series of biochemical events that lead to the death of the insect. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of B. thuringiensis toxins, receptor protein-encoding genes from many insect species have been cloned and charact...

Electrochemically synthesized dihydrobenzofurans were evaluated for their insect antifeedant activities against phytophagous insects. They were prepared through the coupling reactions of various alkenes with a phenoxy cation generated by oxidation near the cathode in the electrolytic reaction. The insect antifeedant activities of these synthetic dihydrobenzofurans were evaluated in the common c...

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, Sphaeropsis sp. TNPT116-Cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. It was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it contai...