We have observed that, in zero magnetic field, a dc bias across a lateral confmed quantum dot (QD) splits each resonant peak in the differential conductance versus the gate voltage measurement into two. The splitting is nearly linear with the applied bias V, . Temperature-dependence study indicates that the corresponding energy separation between the two splitting peaks is close to eV, . A mode...

The Ajiki-Ando (A-A) splitting of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNT) originating from the Aharanov-Bohm effect was observed in chiral specific SWNTs by the magneto-absorption measurements conducted at magnetic fields of up to 78 T. The absorption spectra from each chirality showed clear A-A splitting of the E11 optical excitonic transitions. The parameters of both the dark-bright exciton ener...

We have studied the Zeeman splitting in ballistic hole quantum wires formed in a (311)A quantum well by surface gate confinement. Transport measurements clearly show lifting of the spin degeneracy and crossings of the subbands when an in-plane magnetic field B is applied parallel to the wire. When B is oriented perpendicular to the wire, no spin splitting is discernible up to B = 8.8 T. The obs...

Rotation-induced splitting of the otherwise degenerate photonic bands is predicted for a two-dimensional photonic crystal made of evanescently coupled microcavities. The symmetry-broken energy splitting is similar to the Zeeman splitting of atomic levels or electron’s (hole’s) magnetic moment sublevels in an external magnetic field. The orbital motion of photons in periodic photonic lattice of ...

The in-plane spin splitting of conduction-band electron has been investigated in an asymmetric (001) GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well by time-resolved Kerr rotation technique under a transverse magnetic field. The distinctive anisotropy of the spin splitting was observed while the temperature is below approximately 200 K. This anisotropy emerges from the combined effect of Dresselhaus spin-orbit co...

We present an algorithm that finds the splitting field of a polynomial over a local field. Our algorithm is an OM algorithm modified for this task.

Gauss presented several proofs that the field complex numbers is algebraically closed. His second proof [3] is sometimes described as a rigorous version of a previous proof due to Laplace [6]. Both proofs indeed can be seen as arguments showing that if R is a real closed field then the field C = R[i] obtained by adding a root of i2 + 1 = 0 is algebraically closed. Theses two proofs are however ...

The delocalization of the photoexcited triplet state in a linear butadiyne-linked porphyrin dimer is investigated by time-resolved and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with laser excitation. The transient EPR spectra of the photoexcited triplet states of the porphyrin monomer and dimer are characterized by significantly different spin polarizations and an increase of the zero-field s...