The icosahedral membrane-containing double-stranded DNA bacteriophage PRD1 has a labile receptor binding spike complex at the vertices. This complex, which is analogous to that of adenovirus, is formed of the penton protein P31, the spike protein P5, and the receptor binding protein P2. Upon infection, the internal phage membrane transforms into a tubular structure that protrudes through a vert...

Background: Persistent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has given rise to a COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccines, conceived in 2020, that evoke protective spike antibody responses are being deployed mass public health vaccination programs. Recent data suggests, however, as sequence variation the genome accumulates, some vaccines may lose efficacy. Meth...

Today a newly emerged corona-virus known as SARS-CoV 2 has become cause of global health concern and took away the lives large number people throughout world. Corona-viruses are enveloped virus with positive single stranded genome 26.4 to 31.7 kb. Envelop is made up four structural proteins namely envelop protein (E), membrane (M), spike (S) nucleocapsid (N). These responsible for overall shape...

Inflorescences of the tribe Triticeae, which includes wheat (Triticum sp. L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are characterized by sessile spikelets directly borne on the main axis, thus forming a branchless spike. 'Compositum-Barley' and tetraploid 'Miracle-Wheat' (T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) display noncanonical spike-branching in which spikelets are replaced by lateral bran...

background: plasmodium vivax is responsible for approximately 80 million malaria cases in the world. apical membrane antigen1 (ama-1) is a type i integral membrane protein present in all plasmo­dium species. ama-1 interferes in critical steps of invasion of human hepatocytes by sporo­zoites and red blood cells by merozoites and is one of the most immunodominant antigens for elicit­ing a protect...

gene expression profiling of ovarian carcinoma tissues has shown an increase of four-fold expression of sort1 gene. sortilin 1 (ntr-3) is a 95-100 kda protein normally expressed in heart, brain, placenta, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, thyroid, and testis. however, its expression has never been reported in normal ovary. here, we report expression of sortilin 1 in ovarian carcinoma tissues both a...