Brown recluse spiders (Loxosceles reclusa) are responsible for virtually all documented cases of spider bites leading to significant necrosis. The actual spider bite often goes unnoticed for as long as 4 to 6 hours, which makes diagnosis and, therefore, appropriate treatment, difficult. The spider bite generally results in either a necrotic wound or systemic symptoms that can lead to hemolysis....

Spider silk has been studied recently because of its tremendous strength and flexibility [1]. Biotechnology now opens possibilities for the application of spider silk [2–7]. We describe a new avenue for the application of spider silk in textile science and industry. Recently, spider silk/carbon nanotube composites have been prepared, and their mechanical and electrical properties characterized....

This study reports the comparative quantitative, morphological, and electrophysiological properties of two pacemaker cell types, spider and spindle-shaped cells, isolated from the rabbit sinoatrial node. Isolated nodal cells were studied with perforated and ruptured patch whole cell recording techniques. The basic spontaneous cycle length of the spider cells was 381 +/- 12 ms, and the basic spo...

Spider dragline silk is a natural fiber that has excellent tensile properties; however, it is difficult to produce artificially as a long, strong fiber. Here, the spider (Araneus ventricosus) dragline protein gene was cloned and a transgenic silkworm was generated, that expressed the fusion protein of the fibroin heavy chain and spider dragline protein in cocoon silk. The spider silk protein co...

Spider dragline is used by many members of the Araneae family not only as a proteinogenic safety thread but also for web construction. Spider dragline has been shown to possess high tensile strength in combination with elastic behavior. This high tensile strength can be attributed to the presence of antiparallel β-sheets within the thread; these antiparallel β-sheets are why the protein is clas...

The European spider Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer) (hobo spider) has been implicated as a spider of medical importance in the Pacific Northwest since its introduction in the late 1980s. Studies have indicated that the hobo spider causes necrotic tissue lesions through hemolytic venom or through the transfer of pathogenic bacteria introduced by its bite. Bacterial infections are often diagnosed...

Spider silks exhibit remarkable properties, surpassing most natural and synthetic materials in both strength and toughness. Orb-web spider dragline silk is the focus of intense research by material scientists attempting to mimic these naturally produced fibres. However, biomechanical research on spider silks is often removed from the context of web ecology and spider foraging behaviour. Similar...

Let G be a graph with adjacency matrix A(G) and let D(G) the diagonal of degrees G. For every real α ∈ [0, 1], Nikiforov [21] Wang et al. [26] defined matrices Aα(G) Lα(G), respectively, as = αD(G)+(1−α)A(G) Lα(G) αD(G)+(α − 1)A(G). In this paper, we obtain some relationships between eigenvalues these for families graphs, part Aα Lα-spectrum spider display Lα-characteristic polynomials when the...

We introduce a family of spaces called critical varieties. Each variety is subset one the positroid varieties in Grassmannian. The combinatorics captured by dimer model on planar bipartite graph G, and obtained restricting to Kenyon’s associated isoradial embeddings G. This invariant under square/spider moves we give an explicit boundary measurement formula for which does not depend choice exte...

Spider diagrams combine and extend Venn diagrams and Euler circles to express constraints on sets and their relationships with other sets. These diagrams can usefully be used in conjunction with object-oriented modelling notations such as the Unified Modelling Language. This paper summarises the main syntax and semantics of spider diagrams and introduces four inference rules for reasoning with ...