FEROS is a fiber-fed bench-mounted prism-crossdispersed echelle spectrograph for the ESO 1.52-m telescope at La Silla. It works in quasi Littrow mode and in white pupil configuration. For the object and the nearby sky, the complete optical spectrum from 370–860 nm is recorded in one exposure with a resolving power of R = 48,000 by the use of a two-beam, two-slice image slicer. A first concept o...

We have developed a wavelength-dispersive soft x-ray spectrograph covering an energy region of 50-4000 eV to attach to a conventional electron microscope. The energy range was properly divided into four ranges of 50-200 eV, 155-350 eV, 300-2200 eV, and 2000-4000 eV, and a versatile spectrograph equipped with interchangeable multiple gratings optimized in the respective energy ranges has been de...

A prototype cross-dispersed optical echelle spectrograph of very high resolution has been designed and built at Steward Observatory and tested at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) 1.5 m telescope. It is the first spectrograph to take advantage of diffractionlimited images provided by adaptive optics in order to achieve a potential resolving power of R ∼ 600, 000. The wavelength coverage in a sin...

X-shooter is a new high-efficiency spectrograph observing the complete spectral range of 300-2500 nm in a single exposure, with a spectral resolving power R>5000. The instrument will be located at the Cassegrain focus of one of the VLT UTs and consists of three spectrographs: UV, VIS and Near-IR. This paper addresses the design, hardware realization and performance of the Near-IR spectrograph o...

I N i earlier publication it was pointed out that x-ray spectroscopy was, potentially, a practical tool for the routine analysis of the elements in biologic systems (1), and was particularly applicable to the problems of the clinical laboratory (2). This is the first of a series of studies designed to evaluate this method of analysis for the routine laboratory of clinical chemistry. Specificall...