Inferred dietary preference is a major component of paleoecologies of extinct primates. Molar occlusal shape correlates with diet in living mammals, so teeth are a potentially useful structure from which to reconstruct diet in extinct taxa. We assess the efficacy of Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) calculated for molar tooth surfaces for reflecting diet. We evaluate DNE, which uses changes in norm...

Einstein’s field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the presence of bulk viscous fluid for the totally anisotropic Bianchi type II space-time in such a way as to preserve the energy momentum tensor. We have presented solutions of field equations which represent expanding, shearing and non-rotating cosmological models of the universe. The physical ...

– We study the effect of shear on the aging dynamics of a colloidal suspension of synthetic clay particles. We find that a shear of amplitude γ reduces the relaxation time measured just after the cessation of shear by a factor exp(−γ/γc), with γc ∼ 5%. From this rejuvenation effect, we extract a quantitative strain/temperature correspondence between colloidal systems and molecular or spin glass...

We demonstrate that conservation of global helicity plays only a minor role in determining the nature and consequences of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. First, we show that observations of the solar coronal magnetic field are in direct conflict with Taylor’s theory. Next, we present results from three-dimensional MHD simulations of the shearing of bipolar and multi-polar coronal...

This paper describes a micro-optical three-axis tactile sensor capable of sensing not only normal force, but also shearing force. The normal force was detected from the integrated gray-scale values of bright pixels emitted from the contact area of conical feelers. The conical feelers were formed on a rubber sheet surface that maintains contact with an optical waveguide plate. The shearing force...

A review of recent experimental studies of turbulence suppression by mean flows in quasi-two-dimensional fluids is presented. Large-scale mean flows develop during spectral condensation of 2D turbulence as a result of the inverse energy cascade in spatially bounded flow. The spectral energy which is accumulated at the largest scale supports the mean flow which in turn affects turbulence. We sho...

Intensive melt shearing was achieved using a twin-screw machine to condition an aluminium alloy prior to solidification. The results show that intensive melt shearing has a significant grain-refining effect. In addition, the intensive melt shearing reduces both the volume fraction and the size of porosity. It can reduce the density index from 10.50% to 2.87% and the average size of porosity in ...

Electromagnetic forming is a high energy rate forming process. In this process, an electromagnetic Lorentz body force is used for deformation of products. In this article, Electromagnetic forming process was simulated for assembly of parts as an innovative method. In this research work, the effect of important parameters of process such as discharge energy, radius and width of rectangular groov...

The shearing sheet model of a galactic disk is studied anew. The theoretical description of its dynamics is based on three building blocks: Stellar orbits, which are described here in epicyclic approximation, the collisionless Boltzmann equation determining the distribution function of stars in phase space, and the Poisson equation in order to take account of the self–gravity of the disk. Using...

Non–linear effects in the dynamical evolution of a shearing sheet made of stars are studied. First the implications of hitherto neglected non–linearities of the Boltzmann equation for the dynamical evolution of the shearing sheet are investigated. Using a formalism developed previously on the basis of the linearized Boltzmann equation it is demonstrated that the inclusion of the non–linear term...