Program specialization can divide a computation into several computation stages. This paper investigates the theoretical limitations and practical problems of standard specialization tools, presents multi-level specialization, and demonstrates that, in combination with the cogen approach, it is far more practical than previously supposed. The program generator which we designed and implemented ...

Specialization in medicine acts to normalize categories of health and sickness that, once constructed, can appear to be obvious and rational divisions of the body, of disease, or of populations. While the earliest work on this topic, George Rosen’s sociologically informed The specialization of medicine (1944), highlighted the role of medical theory in specialty formation, historians of medicine...

Automatic program specialization is a software engineering technique that configures a program fragment by generating an implementation dedicated to a specific usage context. Given a generic component that solves a whole family of problems and that is implemented in a standard programming language, program specialization can automatically configure this component by generating a specialized imp...