Sustainable development requires a nondeclining growth of the productive base or comprehensive wealth an economy. We use concept inclusive (IW) to assess national and sustainability. IW comprises natural, human, produced capital. With multisource data GIS technology, this study created pixel-level database for China Japan in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015. Using high-resolution data, we first conducted...

Abstract This paper examines inequalities in drinking water access among regions and between urban rural areas Ghana with a focus on to safely managed service, safe water, premises, sufficient quantities of improved water. Microdata the 2017/18 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used analyzed using descriptive statistics Gini index. Nationally, service low (6.8%) moderate inequality (Gini in...

The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States of America, Indonesia and Brazil in the period 1980–2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean ...

The paper provides estimates of the effect of economic inequality on middle class well being in Switzerland. Economic well being is proxied by a person’s satisfaction with his/her income. Two inequality indicators are used, one standard (the Gini coefficient of the pre-tax income distribution) and one novel (the number of luxury car registrations per 1000 population). Identification is through ...

Nepal has undergone enormous economic and political changes during the past two decades. Data suggest large and increasing economic inequality after the mid 1990s with income from house rental, employment, businesses, and remittances as well as the stock of wealth in real estate and businesses constituting the leading sources. Considerable disparities existed by castes/ethnicities and spatial d...

Relying on a recently developed decomposition framework, this paper explores spatial distribution of innovation capability in China. It is found that at the regional level, China’s inequality in innovation capability increased from 1995 to 2004. At the provincial level, the inequality decreased from1995 to 2000, but increased from 2000 to 2004. Location, industrialization and urbanization, huma...