introduction: any rise in health expenditure is the main concern of householders and policymakers. a few studies have been conducted on assessing the determinants of expenditures and environmental quality from a macroeconomic point of view. this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and environmental quality in more than 114 developing countries between 1995 and...

urbanization, population growth and moving from traditional manufacturing industry to accelerate the process of economic development and parallel, significant environmental impacts are left. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different variables such as trade openness, comparative advantage, production levels and other important variables affecting the emission of carbon ...

The main objective of this manuscript is to investagte the relationship between environmental Kuznets curve (ECK) in the presence of globalization for Portugal, Spain, Greece and Ireland for the period of 1980-2010. Using a panel data, the results show that linear and non-linear real income per capita ( t GDP and 2 t GDP ) are according to the perspectives of inverted-U shaped between economic ...

The effect of economic growth on environmental quality is much under dispute. A number of empirical studies have made the claim that there exist in some income ranges a positive relation between per capita income and some measure of environmental quality. According to this inverted U-shaped pattern of different pollutants relative to per capita incomes in different countries which is also calle...

Cross-country estimations of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to empirically analyze the relationship between income and pollution have generally assumed a common structure for all countries. Since this latter feature is not supported by economic theory, this paper uses the Random Coefficient Model proposed by Swamy (1970) and empirically estimates EKCs for sulfur dioxide with specific tur...

Our industrialized world highly depends on fossil fuels to cover its energy needs. Although have been linked with economic growth, their use has also found severe impacts the environment. The linkages among carbon dioxide emissions, consumption and growth extensively examined in current literature. present study focuses electricity production from fuels, as well renewable sources examines CO2 e...

Even among developed countries, each country has very different circumstances and political institutions regarding environmental issues. Moreover, the differences in individual attitudes about issues within national borders types of behaviors affect policy country. Therefore, contrast to Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, effect economic growth on degradation differs between high-inc...

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows the relationship between economic development, which is proxied in per capita income, and environmental quality. This study aims to view existence of EKC by arranging distribution 62 countries into four sub-samples based on income from 1992 2017. By applying panel data, model uses Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) method see effect growth quality (CO2 ...

I n order to have a successful regional planning policy, one needs to know exactly the effective factors on the growth of the provinces. Thus, determining and evaluating these growth rates are important for urban and regional planners. The main goal of this study is to determine the effective factors on the growth (population growth and per capita income growth) of Iran’s provinces. ...