androgens have been shown to affect cognitive aspects of spatial memory. testosterone which is the most important androgen, plays a role in the organization of behavior during development. also, it has been shown that androgens cause sex related differences in learning and memory especially during neonatal period. in the current study, we assessed the effects of castration and testosterone enan...

a field experiment was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of nutsedge (cyperus spp) during rice growing season using geostatic in 2011 at sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university. at the first field was divided into 36 grids (2.5×2.5 meter) after the final preparation. grid intersection points were determined and marked. all samples were taken from these points...

The separate influences of spatial density and housing quality on the behavior of captive animals are difficult to measure because the two factors are often intrinsically linked. Here, we recorded affiliative and agonistic behavior in adult sooty mangabeys in various housing situations, testing spatial density and housing quality changes separately (N = 26 experienced spatial density changes; N...

During recent years renewables have been acquiring gradually a significant importance in the world market (especially in the Spanish energetic market) and in society; this fact makes clear the need to increase and improve knowledge of these power sources. Starting from the results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a multi-megawatt wind turbine, this work is aimed to assess the relevance of di...

background: fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with numerous problems in the development and function of the brain. learning and memory deficits are among well known effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol. objective: this study aimed to examine the spatial working memory of 60-day old rats who were exposed to alcohol during their fetal life and to find the relation between the possible alcoh...