Beginning in early 2011, crude oil production in the U.S. Midwest and Canada surpassed the pipeline capacity to transport it to the Gulf Coast where it could access the world oil market. As a result, the U.S. “benchmark” crude oil price in Cushing, Oklahoma, declined substantially relative to internationally traded oil. In this paper, we study how this development affected prices for refined pr...

background & aim: essential oil of pennyroyal (mentha pulegium l.) has many applications in food, perfume and pharmaceutical industries. the aim of this study was to determine the content and chemical constituents of pennyroyal essential oil growing wild in southern iran. experimental: the aerial parts of the plant were collected around hajiabad, hormozgan province in 2013. the essential oi...

Background & Aim: Essential oil of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) has many applications in food, perfume and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to determine the content and chemical constituents of pennyroyal essential oil growing wild in Southern Iran. Experimental: The aerial parts of the plant were collected around Hajiabad, Hormozgan province in 2013. The essent...

The performance of selected oil adjuvants containing Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus was assayed by testing antibody levels elicited in cattle, sheep and goats, and by testing protection of cattle on challenge. Various oil adjuvant formulations were tested initially in cattle and guinea pigs, and compared with a standard alhydrogel and saponin-based ...

Chemical signaling has been documented in many animals, but its potential importance in avian species, particularly songbirds, has received far less attention. We tested whether volatile compounds in the preen oil of a songbird (Junco hyemalis) contain reliable information about individual identity, sex, or population of origin by repeated sampling from captive male and female juncos originatin...