6 The final warming date of the polar vortex is a key component of 7 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric and tropospheric variability in spring 8 and summer. We examine the effect of external forcings on Southern 9 Hemisphere final warming date, and the sensitivity of any projected changes 10 to model representation of the stratosphere. Final warming date is cal11 culated using a temperature-base...

Climate variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere (SH) is dominated by the SH annular mode, a large-scale pattern of variability characterized by fluctuations in the strength of the circumpolar vortex. We present evidence that recent trends in the SH tropospheric circulation can be interpreted as a bias toward the high-index polarity of this pattern, with stronger westerly flow encir...

Both the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere annual WHO influenza vaccine recommendations are designed to ensure vaccine delivery before the winter-time peak of viral circulation in each hemisphere. However, influenza seasonal patterns are highly diverse in tropical countries and may be out of phase with the WHO recommendations for their respective hemisphere. We modelled the peak timing of in...

Current evidence of phenological responses to recent climate change is substantially biased towards northern hemisphere temperate regions. Given regional differences in climate change, shifts in phenology will not be uniform across the globe, and conclusions drawn from temperate systems in the northern hemisphere might not be applicable to other regions on the planet. We conduct the largest met...

East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation received by northern China over the past 800 thousand years (ky) is characterized by dominant 100-ky periodicity, mainly attributed to CO2 and Northern Hemisphere insolation-driven ice sheet forcing. We established an EASM record in the Late Miocene from lacustrine sediments in the Qaidam Basin, northern China, which appears to exhibit a dominant 1...

The human c-myc proto-oncogene is the genomic homologue of the transforming sequences found in MC29, an avian retrovirus that can cause myelocytomatosis, carcinoma, sarcoma and lymphoma (Graf & Beug, 1978; Enrietto et al., 1983). Alterations in the structure or expression of c-myc have been associated with several forms of neoplasia including avian leukosis virus induced B-cell lymphoma, rodent...

SALINGER, M.J. & JONES, P.D., 1996 (xi): Southern Hemisphere climate: the modern record. In Banks, M.R. & Brown, M.J. (Eds): CLIMATIC SUCCESSION AND GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE OVER THE LAST FIVE MILLION YEARS. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. T asm. 130(2): 101-107. ISSN 0080-4703. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), PO Box 109 695, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand (M...

This study examines the temporal evolution of the tropospheric circulation following large-amplitude variations in the strength of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex in data from 1979 to 2001 and following the SH sudden stratospheric warming of 2002. In both cases, anomalies in the strength of the SH stratospheric polar vortex precede similarly signed anomalies in the tropo...

[1] This study reveals that a quasi‐decadal variability exists in the climate system of southern high latitudes, particularly in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and subpolar to mid latitudes sea surface temperature (SST), based on in situ observations, reanalysis data, and the 20th Century runs of IPCC AR4 coupled climate models. Spectral analysis reveals that a statistically significant variab...