A solvent-free procedure for the synthesis of 3-substituted indole derivates from indoles and nitroalkenes under ultrasound irradiation is described. Control experiments disclosed besides mechanical effects, namely agitation, sonochemical effects are the main forces to drive the reaction. In the method, 2-chloroethanol was used to prepare a wide variety of 3-substituted indole derivates. This p...

in this study, isophthalic acid-zirconium(iv) nanocomposite has been prepared from zirconyl nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide, with isophthalic acid, (c8h6o4=benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) as a ligand, via sonochemical method in ethylene glycol and methanol as solvents. the crystalline tetragonal zro2 has been produced by thermal decomposition of isophthalic acid-zirconium(iv) nanocompo...

The ultrasonic conditions of different sonochemical reactors can be tuned to obtain Pt-nanoparticles similar sizes. At low frequencies (20 kHz) Ti/V/Al-contaminants were produced due the probe erosion leading improved kinetics.

Hollow inorganic materials are of great interest, in part because of their diverse applications for drug delivery, catalysis, photonic crystals, etc.1 Various preparation methods have been developed to fabricate hollow inorganic materials2,3 and even hollow single crystals;4 most commonly these synthetic methods exploit the use of silica nanospheres as a sacrificial template material. While sil...

We present the synthesis of M-type strontium hexaferrite by sonochemistry and annealing. The effects of the sonication time and thermal energy on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the obtained powders are presented. Strontium hexagonal ferrite (SrFe12O19) was successfully prepared by the ultrasonic cavitation (sonochemistry) of a complexed polyol solution of metallic acetates and...

titanium dioxide is widely used in the manufacturing of paints, varnishes, lacquer, paper, paperboard, printing inks, rubber, floor covering, and ceramics and so on. white titanium dioxide pigment has been produced by two main processes. the sulfate and the chloride processes. each of these two routes requires different feedstocks. however, economic and environmental pressures are shifting the ...

this research reports a facile ultrasonic approach for the synthesis of iron vanadate (fevo4) nanoparticles with the aid of ammonium metavanadate (nh4vo3) and fe(no3)3.9h2o as the starting reagents without adding external surfactant, capping agent or template in an aqueous solution. furthermore, to examine the solar cell application of as-synthesized iron vanadate (fevo4) nanoparticles, fto/tio...

The calculation of the equilibrium constants K of the sonolysis reactions of CO2 into CO and O atom, the recombination of O atoms into O2 and the formation of H2O starting with H and O atoms, has been studied by means of statistical thermodynamic. The constants have been calculated at 300 kHz versus the pressure and the temperature according to the extreme conditions expected in a cavitation bu...

PFAS are commonly found pollutants in soil and water bodies. Of all the that found, PFOA PFOS most hazardous ones. The review focuses upon Adsorption, Sonochemical Degradation, Photocatalysts, Bio-remediation as techniques for removal degradation of PFA.