Solvents are widely recognized to be of great environmental concern. The reduction of their use is one of the most important aims of green chemistry. In addition to this, the appropriate selection of solvent for a process can greatly improve the sustainability of a chemical production process. There has also been extensive research into the application of so-called green solvents, such as ionic...

The physical and chemical properties vapour pressure, boiling point and solubilities of all substances have their origin in the Coulomb interaction between the molecules. The various interactions itself derive from the drive to minimize the Coulomb energy of the valence electrons. A classification of the electrostatic interaction allows an exemplification and estimation of the interaction stren...

In this work, the toxicity and genotoxicity of organic solvents (acetone, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, ether and methanol) were studied using the SOS chromotest. The influence of these solvents on the direct genotoxicity induced by the mutagens mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) were also investigated. None of the solvents were genotoxic...

This study aims to evaluate the effect of occupational exposure to noise and organic solvents on hearing loss in the aviation industry. The study population comprised 542 male workers, who worked in avionics jobs in Kimhae, Korea, who kept records of work environment evaluations and medical examinations. The Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) was constructed to assess the lifetime cumulative expos...

In 2008-2009, types of organic solvents used and air-borne vapor concentrations were surveyed in 1909 laboratories in four large research institutions in accordance with current regulations. The results were classified into 5 groups in terms of research fields (agriculture, biology, medicine, natural science, and technology and engineering) and evaluated after the regulatory rules. Laboratory a...

Solvents represent an important group of environmental pollutants to which people are exposed daily in the workplace. The physico chemical properties of solvents may result in disturbances to cellular structures, including damage to DNA. However, the effects of mixtures of solvents are not well known. Mutations caused by environmental agents are related to cancer development and other degenerat...

Various organic solutions are used in many industries such as the petrochemical industry. The presence of moisture in those solvents results in poor insulation, corrosion of apparatus and catalyst poisoning. Therefore, the moisture content of the solvents must be reduced to less than several ppm. Since ion exchange resins have an ability to adsorb selectively polar substances fromnonpolar solve...

Applications of aerobic oxidation methods in pharmaceutical manufacturing are limited in part because mixtures of oxygen gas and organic solvents often create the potential for a flammable atmosphere. To address this issue, limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) values, which define the minimum partial pressure of oxygen that supports a combustible mixture, have been measured for nine commonly use...

Organic solvent, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Cellulose, Acceleration Effect, Glucose Yield Effect of organic solvents on enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloses was studied. It was found that toluene and xylene can accelerate the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of filter paper and cellulose powder. The addition of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and alcohols was negative effect for the enzymatic...