This article revises the current state of microbial transformation use in natural products. It represents the results of the most recent reports. Due to the importance of this transformation, there is still a strong need to intensify the direction of microbial transformation of the natural product compounds, besides exploiting more microorganisms that might be the used biocatalysts in producing...

Small-molecule secondary metabolites isolated from microorganisms and plants provide the chemical scaffolds of a large fraction of today’s pharmaceuticals. Evolutionary forces shaped the molecular complexity of these natural products that contribute to the exquisite binding of these compounds to biological targets. Starting with the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, we have seen a rapid incre...

The objective of this study was to investigate the production microbial cellulase by using Aspergillus oryzae and its application in treatment coffee. producing method used for microbe medium submerged fermentation with malt extract medium. determining activity spectrophotometry at wavelength 540 nm 3,5-DNS reagent measure reducing sugar (the product enzymatic reaction). Then, applied on green ...

The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including both nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) and carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), was investigated by analyzing chlorinated water samples following the application of three pretreatment processes: (i) powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption; (ii) KMnO(4) oxidation and (iii) biological contact oxidation (BCO), coupled with conventional water treatment ...

Previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat killed Staphylococcus aureus (SA) activation of inflammatory cells depended in part upon activation of heterotrimeric Gi proteins. It has also been shown that (1 --> 3) beta-D-glucan can suppress inflammatory cell activation by microbial products although the cellular mechanism of the glucan effect remains to be...

The fungicide maneb is moderately soluble in water and undergoes hydrolysis. Its main products for hydrolysis and photolysis are EU, ETU, EBIS, and glycine. Microbial degradation of maneb represents a minor breakdown route. Aquatic metabolism yields the main products EBIS, ETU, and EU. A field dissipation study showed that maneb persisted in soil for one week when applied at 100 ppm. Maneb is a...

We report here the draft genome sequence of Vibrio sp. Vb278, a biofilm-producing strain isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus, showing in vitro antibacterial activity. The annotated genome displays a range of symbiotic factors and the potential for the biosynthesis of several biologically active natural products.

It has been proposed that the systemic immune activation state seen in HIV-1-infected patients is caused by circulating microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Given that macrophages play a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis, we investigated the LPS-mediated effect on HIV-1 replication in cells of the myeloid lineage. We demonstrate that LPS promotes virus gene expression in a monocyti...

Disruption of the mucosal epithelium during lentivirus infections permits translocation of microbial products into circulation, causing immune activation and driving disease. Although the liver directly filters blood from the intestine and is the first line of defense against gut-derived antigens, the effects of microbial products on the liver are unclear. In livers of normal macaques, minute l...

In order to investigate whether microbial biomass and its residues are nutrient and energy sources for humivorous beetle larvae, we carried out feeding trials using soil supplemented with C-labeled fungal biomass (Penicillium chrysogenum), bacterial biomass (Bacillus megaterium), fungal or bacterial structural polysaccharide (chitin, peptidoglycan), bacterial protein, or cellulose, taking the l...