Widely known Gibbs' relationship predicting a difference of chemical potentials in a small solid particle and in a surrounding fluid phase at equilibrium is shown to refer to a real or imaginary bulk phase inside the particle. A similar relationship derived for the real surface monolayer of a nanoparticle exhibits the equality of chemical potentials at equilibrium, which allows for experimental...

A brief overview of the recent progress in single electron transfer (SET) in nanoparticle solid films is presented. In these studies, Langmuir-based techniques were employed to control the interparticle interactions, and the ensemble conductivity was evaluated by electrochemical measurements. Deliberate manipulation of the ensemble structure and temperature led to the optimization of the conduc...

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are in submicron size range and made of biocompatible biodegradable materials (mainly composed lipids surfactants) capable incorporating both lipophilic hydrophilic drugs. SLNs also considered as substitute to other colloidal drug systems, used controlled systems targeted delivery. can be an alternative for oral delivery vehicle improve the bioavailability drugs...

Viral infections can cause of death in humans worldwide, despite the tremendous  progress in human medicine. Particle size is a very important physical characteristic that can affect bioavailability and circulation time of nanoparticles. The ratio of large surface area and volume of nanoparticle enhanced solubility of poorly soluble drug compounds, optimum surface charge of the nanoparticle wi...

Background: Despite the tremendous progress in human medicine, viral infections can cause death in them. Due to the high prevalence of viruses, it is required to develop novel treatment strategies and provide the site-specific delivery of antiviral agents at the viral reservoirs. Objectives: Particle size is a vital physical characteristic that can affect the bioavailability and circulation ti...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to explore the liquid-solid (crystal) phase change of a ceria nanoparticle. The simulations reveal that the crystalline seed, which spontaneously evolves and nucleates crystallisation, is a liquid rather than a solid. Evidence supporting this concept includes: (a) only 3% of the total latent heat of solidification had been liberated after 25% of the n...

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are an alternative carrier system used to load the drug for targeting, to improve the bioavailability by increasing its solubility, and protecting the drug from presystemic metabolism. The avoidance of presystemic metabolism is due to the nano-metric size range, so that the liver cannot uptake the drug from the delivery system and is not metabolized by the liver...

Objective: The aim of this study to manufacture the prolonged release lipid nanoparticle (Solid and nanostructure carrier) repaglinide for enhance oral bioavailability. Methods: Solid nanoparticles (SLN) Nanostructured carriers (NLC) were prepared by slight modification in solvent diffusion method. core material used as cetyl alcohol while blend with oleic acid was preparation NLC dispersion. T...