the solar radiation received by earth surface is one of the most applicable parameter that is so important in hydrology, agriculture, meteorology and climatological modeling. because of very expensive instrument for measuring the radiation, researchers suggested many different experimental equations to estimate this parameter in different climate. seven models which are calibrated for semi-arid...

Timing and amount of solar radiation were examined as factors influencing the distribution of seven perennial plants on a small mountain located in the Chihuahuan Desert. Average direct beam solar radiation fluxes at differing times throughout the day and year were estimated with computer calculations. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of solar radiation parameters and...

S urface solar radiation is a major component of the surface heat budget. Diurnally and seasonally averaged over the entire Earth, 188 ± 7 W m–2 reach the surface to be either absorbed (~165 ± 6 W m–2) or reflected back to the atmosphere (Trenberth et al. 2009; Stephens et al. 2012). Changes in the amount of solar radiation received at the surface are intrinsically tied to the total amount of p...

The prediction of solar radiation is important for several applications in renewable energy research. Solar radiation is predicted by a number of solar radiation models both conventional and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models. There are a number of meteorological and geographical variables which affect solar radiation prediction, so identification of suitable variables for accurate so...

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is divided into three regions: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Both the quality and quantity of solar UV radiation vary with various factors including the elevation of the sun above the horizon, as well as absorption and scattering of UV photons by molecules in the atmosphere, notably ozone and clouds. It is clear that whereas a moderate amount of UV exposure ...

background: ultraviolet (uv) radiation is divided into three regions: uva, uvb, and uvc. both the quality and quantity of solar uv radiation vary with various factors including the elevation of the sun above the horizon, as well as absorption and scattering of uv photons by molecules in the atmosphere, notably ozone and clouds. it is clear that whereas a moderate amount of uv exposure is benefi...

Measurements of solar irradiance are critical for evaluating solar energy potential in a given location and for calculating the efficiency of a solar system (Photovoltaic and solar thermal). In order to maximize the energy collected by a given Photovoltaic System tracking the position of the sun in order to expose a solar panel to the maximum radiation level at any given time is needed: to do s...

The numerical investigation of computing the rate of radiated solar-energy requires equations as a function of solar-time according to the radiation angle of the sun (β) in the latitude 37°N and the shape. This paper implements the Lagrange interpolation to obtain the equations of normal diagram of elements based on data obtained from surveying. Also the method of Hann-window equation ...

Solar radiation data are an important input for estimating evapotranspiration and modelling crop growth. Direct measurement of solar radiation is now carried out in most European countries, but the network of measuring stations is too sparse for reliable interpolation of measured values. Instead of direct measurements, solar radiation may be estimated from empirical solar radiation models that ...

In this study, the exergy efficiency of a flat plate solar collector using Al2O3, TiO2, CuO nanoparticles and pure water as base fluid is studied. Solar radiation is selected between 200 to 600 W/m2. The method to determine optimum values of optimization variables has been developed by Genetic Algorithm Toolbox in MATLAB software. Results show by increasing solar radiation the optimized exergy ...