Abstract In this study, it is demonstrated that when a solar pond used for an air heating application like crop drying, domestic space heating, greenhouse etc., important to account pumping power in the calculations. When working fluid, magnitudes of extraction and are comparable. Therefore, new parameter defined context ponds namely, effective (defined as extracted minus power). At first, usin...

Abstract A solar pond is a system that uses salt concentration gradient to store heat. The application of the conducive solving problems long production cycles, low brine temperature, and algae in lithium extraction process potassium enrichment process. Based on this, our research group laid porous media at bottom utilized heat storage adsorption capacity improve thermal performance pond. exper...

Numerical investigation of solar energy storage by a Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP) in several Moroccan cities (Marrakesh, Ouarzazate, Tangier and Ifrane) is presented this paper. For purpose, the SGSP considered assimilated to an open parallelipedic cavity which vertical bottom walls are thermally insulated. The one-dimensional numerical model developed Python programming language based on ba...

Sunlight inactivation rates of somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA bacteriophages (F-RNA phages), and fecal coliforms were compared in seven summer and three winter survival experiments. Experiments were conducted outdoors, using 300-liter 2% (vol/vol) sewage-seawater mixtures held in open-top chambers. Dark inactivation rates (k(D)s), measured from exponential survival curves in enclosed (contr...

Archaeal 16S rRNA gene compositions and environmental factors of four distinct solfataric acidic hot springs in Kirishima, Japan were compared. The four ponds were selected by differences of temperature and total dissolved elemental concentration as follows: (1) Pond-A: 93°C and 1679 mg L(-1), (2) Pond-B: 66°C and 2248 mg L(-1), (3) Pond-C: 88°C and 198 mg L(-1), and (4) Pond-D: 67°C and 340 mg...

1) Minimum Water Surface Area .........................................................................................................................11 2) Pond Live Storage ...........................................................................................................................................11 3) Primary Water Quality Outlet Devices ...........................................