The Sun’s variability is controlled by the progression and interaction of magnetized systems that form 22-year magnetic activity cycle (the “Hale Cycle”) as they march from their origin at ?55° latitude to equator, over ?19 years. We will discuss end point progression, dubbed “terminator” events, our means diagnosing them. In this paper we expand on Extended Solar Cycle framework construct a ne...

The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is a major atmospheric synoptic climate system affecting nearly a quarter of the human population. Climate proxy data derived from tree rings, ice cores, speleothems, and other sources can all contribute to an understanding of SASM variability prior to instrumental period. Here, we develop an optimal information extraction (OIE) method, which we use to reco...

Observational data concerning the long-term history of cyclic solar activity as recorded in sunspot and isotopic data are discussed in the context of solar dynamo theory. In particular, a simple dynamo model based on differential rotation and the mirror asymmetry of convection with random fluctuations of dynamo governing parameters is shown to reproduce some basic features of the solar magnetic...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can suppress essential molecular and cellular mechanisms during early development in living organisms and variations in solar activity during early development may thus influence their health and reproduction. Although the ultimate consequences of UVR on aquatic organisms in early life are well known, similar studies on terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, have...

The most recent "grand minimum" of solar activity, the Maunder minimum (MM, 1650-1710), is of great interest both for understanding the solar dynamo and providing insight into possible future heliospheric conditions. Here, we use nearly 30 years of output from a data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar corona to calibrate heliospheric reconstructions based solely on sunspot obser...