Biota are major drivers of geomorphological development. Vegetation and soil fauna act as ecosystem engineers, changing the environment through physical structures individual activities such litter layering, tree uprooting, animal mounding. Furthermore, varying quality triggering different degrees bioturbation, they jointly drive landscape development heterogeneously in space over time. Soil-la...

Iterative Layering is an existing pre-synthesis technique that can be used for constructing a near-optimal representation of the input circuit. Originally, the Iterative Layering algorithm uses SAT instances extensively. However, in the original implementation, they are solved either by exhaustive enumeration of all possible assignments of input variables, or by using BDDs. Both approaches perf...

Software engineers often espouse the importance of using abstraction and encapsulation in developing software components. They advocate the \layering" of new components on top of existing components, using only information about the functionality and interfaces provided by the existing components. This layering approach is in contrast to a \direct implementation" of new components, utilizing un...

Bioretention is a low-impact technology used for the treatment of stormwater runoff in developed areas. The fates of mineral nitrogen compounds in two bioretention columns (RP1 and RP2) with different media-layering characteristics were investigated under multiple loadings of simulated urban runoff. The immediate capture of nitrogen was evaluated, with nitrogen transformation reactions that occ...

We have recently proposed @Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 166101 ~2001!# that any isotropic fluid should exhibit surface layering at its liquid–vapor interface above the triple temperature provided that the system has a low triple temperature. In this article we present an extensive study of systems with different isotropic pair interactions, some of which present a very low triple temperature. We have c...

The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and the CT images in 23 cases of chronic subdural hematomas (SDHs). The concentrations of t-PA and PAI-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chronic SDHs were divided into five groups according ...

Complex fluids that exhibit phenomena such as layering and separation of multiple phases are computationally expensive to model using conventional numerical integration of partial differential equations. Lattice gas approaches are significantly cheaper to simulate and can still reveal good insights into the essential behaviours. We describe simulations of multi-phase layering in a lattice gas b...

The present study aims at discussing the potential advantages of multiple unit dosage forms (pellets etc.) over the single unit dosage forms (tablets). Pelletization is a novel drug delivery system; a technique which converts fine powder particles into pellets. Review deals with the pellet and its various types of pelletization techniques like spheronization and extrusion, pelletization by laye...

Defects in the layering of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films can be eliminated by depositing from the appropriate monolayer phase at the air-water interface. LB films deposited from the hexagonal phase of cadmium arachidate (CdA2) at pH 7 spontaneously transform into the bulk soap structure, a centrosymmetric bilayer with an orthorhombic herringbone packing. A large wavelength folding mechanism acce...