The study was conducted in three selected sites representing the soils of governorates central and northern Iraq (Salah al-Din, Kirkuk, Erbil), to determine effect morphological, physical chemical characteristics some soil genetic horizons on their spectral reflectivity using digital camera as well Knowing degree development classification according Quantitative (American) system for classifyin...

The difference in the standard Gibbs free energy for the formation of any two oxides or sulfides is the chemical potential for selective reduction of metals from complex minerals. The magnitude of the Gibbs free energy difference is shown by plotting the univariant relationships for relevant sulfides and oxides. In this investigation, three examples of mineral sulfides are considered, and the e...

The current study assesses the effect of fibrous clay minerals’ amendments and arbuscular mycorrhiza incubation on heavy metal uptake and translocation in Eucalyptus grandis and Ailanthus altissima plants. For doing so, Eucalyptus and ailanthus trees have been grown in a soil sample, contaminated with heavy metal iron ore mining and collected from southern Iran. The area under study is arid, wi...

8 A controlled-release formulation (CRF) has been developed for metolachlor, which reduced its 9 leaching in a sandy soil and improved weed control in comparison with the commercial formula10 tion. The current study tested the effect of soil wetting and drying cycles (WDCs) on metolachlor 11 fate (desorption, leaching, and weed control) applied as the CRF and as the commercial formula12 tion. M...

Plant ecologists require spatial information on functional soil properties but are often faced with soil classifications that are not directly interpretable or useful for statistical models. Sand and clay content are important soil properties because they indicate soil water-holding capacity and nutrient content, yet these data are not available for much of the landscape. Remotely sensed soil r...

The current study assesses the effect of fibrous clay minerals’ amendments and arbuscular mycorrhiza incubation on heavy metal uptake and translocation in Eucalyptus grandis and Ailanthus altissima plants. For doing so, Eucalyptus and ailanthus trees have been grown in a soil sample, contaminated with heavy metal iron ore mining and collected from southern Iran. The area under study is arid, wi...

Explosives in soils can present environmental problems for military installations. Fine, mobile particles represent the most reactive fraction of the soil and, therefore, are expected to adsorb explosives and potentially facilitate their transport. The objective of this study was to determine the relative significance of phyllosilicate clay, organic matter, and two forms of extractable iron in ...

A profile of Guanajibo clay (Plinthic Kandiudults) was evaluated to determine the ironstone content in horizons and its chemical, physical mineralogical properties. The mineralogy characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) iron aluminum oxide determined selective dissolution, using citrate-bicarbonate dithionite (CBD) ammonium oxalate (OX) extractions. Soil color ground were with Munsell charts. ...

Clays and clay minerals are inexpensive, non-toxic, naturally occurring that have been utilized in water remediation as adsorbents. However, clays those modified with heat, surfactants, acids, or organic-inorganic modifiers exhibit low adsorption capacity re-generation ability towards organic pollutants. The development of composites has gained considerable attention recent years due to their e...

The association of free Fe oxides with soils and clays from two Enon sandy loam (Ultic Hapludalfs, fine, mixed, thermic) soil saprolite profiles was studied. Goethite was the dominant Fe oxide identified. Lepidocrocite was detected in trace amounts in some sam ples. Fe/clay ratios were highest in the epipedons of these soils suggesting the concentrating of Fe oxides as a result of alumino silic...