introduction: the use of lasers for treatment has become a common phenomenon in the medical field. currently, numerous laser systems are available for dental use. the use of lasers for periodontal treatment becomes more complicated because the periodontium consists of both hard and soft tissues. methods: related articles were gathered and selected carefully and reviewed. among the many lasers a...

Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology for defining and solving problems in organizations is presented on the basis of an application of the methodology. In many ways this approach represents an improvement in relation to more traditional approaches to computer-based information systems. Based on an experiment we explore the possibilities of combining the practical usefulness of soft systems thin...

Various Australian politicians have argued for the need to combine ‘hard heads and soft hearts’ in politics. Unfortunately, this article argues that that recognition is not yet fully accepted in Australian political science. While there has been a significant progress, both in terms of the number of senior women in the discipline and the gender content of Australian political science, problems ...

This paper studies the soft-handoff mechanism and compares its performance with hard handoff. Our study indicates that although a handset may potentially consume extra radio links in soft handoff, the mechanism provides better opportunity to transfer the link successfully in the handoff procedure. Thus, by carefully planning the overlay areas of cells, soft handoff can outperform hard handoff.

we first describe how to “fuzzify” the estimated binary columns to create a [0,1]-valued column. werefer to this [0,1] -valued column as the soft segmentation column of the noisy spectrogram column.similarly to the collection of soft segmentation columns as the soft segmentation image, or simply asthe soft segmentation. the band-dependent posterior probability that the hard segmentation columnv...

We use the energy equivalence principle and the Mori-Tanaka method of considering the interaction among inclusions to derive the effective thermo-electro-mechanical properties of a 4-phase composite consisting of an elastic matrix and shape memory alloy, piezoelectric and inert (nonpiezoelectric) inclusions. It is shown that the shapes and the volume fraction of inert (e.g. air) inclusions sign...

introduction the nasolabial flap (nlf) has many advantages in oromaxillary reconstruction, but the majority of cases are reconstructions after pathologic resections. its usage in trauma surgery, especially in the management of gunshot wounds, is rarely mentioned. case presentation three cases involving gunshot injuries to the face are presented: one for reconstruction of the nasal ala, another ...

Interval-valued fuzzy soft sets realize a hybrid soft computing model in a general framework. Both Molodtsov's soft sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets can be seen as special cases of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets. In this study, we first compare four different types of interval-valued fuzzy soft subsets and reveal the relations among them. Then we concentrate on investigating some nonclassic...

The paper contrasts two domains of school education, natural science and citizenship education (as a paradigm of “hard” and “soft” subjects), with respect to their epistemological and ethical foundations. A sharp contrast between their associated world-views within the school community is accentuated at the outset. The epistemological shortcomings inherent in both are subsequently explored, and...