Behavioral scientists such as Freudian-Florence believe that aggression is a behavior rooted in human nature. These two believe that aggression as a latent force in humans has a hydraulic state that gradually becomes compacted and compressed in the individual, and eventually needs to be discharged. Aggression is a common phenomenon that athletes often deal with directly or indirectly. Rarely ca...

a review of studies about sports privatization indicates that almost allcountries in the world have paid considerable attention to the role and thesignificance of sports privatization. however, it should be noted that thereare not only one or two factors influencing sports privatization. the mainissue is that sports privatization especially for football clubs cannot beeffective without the exis...

Physics is expanding outward from its traditional base; nowadays many physicists work on phenomena involving biology, economics, and sociology. How can we get to grips with physics in these fields where traditional equation-based modelling is difficult to implement? The so-called audience or Mexican Wave in sports stadia, in which participants jump up and raise their arms in a coordinated manne...

This vignette discusses a generalization of the Dirichlet distribution, the ‘hyperdirichlet’, in which various types of incomplete observations may be incorporated. It is conjugate to the multinomial distribution when some observations are censored or grouped. The hyperdirichlet R package is introduced and examples given. A number of statistical tests are performed on the example datasets, whic...

The Contradiction/Correspondence between Secondary Educational System’s Objectives and Regulations F. Mohammadi* M. Noghaanidokht Bahmani, Ph.D. ** M. Kermaani, Ph.D. *** K. Khaaleghpanaah, Ph.D. ****    To improve the quality of education in Iran any contradiction between the regulations and objectives needs to be rectified and correspondences strengthened. To this end,...

there is strong and consistent evidence that eating disorders are prevalent in sport and especially in weight sensitive sports such as endurance, weight category and aesthetic sports as well as jumping events. these illnesses are not only common but lead to significant physical and psychological morbidity and impaired performances. sports organizations, and by extension the professionals whose ...

This vignette is based on Hankin (2010). It discusses a generalization of the Dirichlet distribution, the ‘hyperdirichlet’, in which various types of incomplete observations may be incorporated. It is conjugate to the multinomial distribution when some observations are censored or grouped. The hyperdirichlet R package is introduced and examples given. A number of statistical tests are performed...

conclusions the result of the present study confirmed that students participating in different organized sports at high school level are at a very high risk of getting orodental injury. hence knowledge and education regarding prevention of traumatic injuries is of paramount importance. results 30.3% (n = 335) of students suffered from orodental injuries. a higher number of girls had injury (32%...

with the rise of importance of sport as a social phenomenon in recent decades, more public attention has been paid to the issue of the legal nature of the rules governing social relations in sports. the issue raised above are only a part of a much broader topic that involves questions of relations of a classical westphalian state and changes in the international community as well as issues of t...