Low ART-adherence amongst adolescents is associated with morbidity, mortality and onward HIV transmission. Reviews find no effective adolescent adherence-promoting interventions. Social protection has demonstrated benefits for adolescents, and could potentially improve ART-adherence. This study examines associations of 10 social protection provisions with adherence in a large community-based sa...

Helping to reduce vulnerability poses a new set of challenges for public policy. A starting point is understanding the ways that communities and extended families try to cope with difficulties in the absence of public interventions. Coping mechanisms range from the informal exchange of transfers and loans within families and communities to more structured institutions that enable an entire comm...

I construct an endogenous growth model where R&D is carried out at the industry level in a game of innovation between leaders and followers. Innovation costs for followers are assumed to increase with the technological lag from leaders. I obtain three results that contrast with standard Schumpeterian models, such as Aghion and Howitt (1992). First, leaders may innovate in equilibrium, in an att...

In this paper, we expand upon earlier analysis of location-service related privacy policies in the public and private sector. Our intent is to identify key privacy components in an effort to more clearly and consistently address the privacy expectations of the public through the protections provided them by service and product providers. Through use of content analysis, we aim to determine how ...

The function of manes in lions has been a topic of scientific interest since Darwin (1871) suggested that it provides protection in intraspecific fights. Recent experimental studies on wild lions have emphasized the role of female selection, but analyses of specific attack behaviors and targets, and the social consequences of manelessness for lions living in very hot climates suggest that male ...

in defining the term social management strategy information, we can say, in short, that it is to organize social action aimed at solving problems of strategic policymaking and strategic planning of social services. direct service to the public not only means social welfare but also calls for constructive strategic policies in international atmosphere. smsi is the organized efforts of the societ...

In this article are presented the basic principles of the numerical protections used for protecting the high-voltage electric lines (110 kV). Is achieved a study for implementing a numerical distance protection DIPA 100, for a high-voltage line (an example from practice). For the numerical relay, is shown the protection characteristic of DIPA 100, characteristics of operation to faults ‘phase-p...

Economic theory highlights the critical importance of excludability in encouraging private research and development in the agri-food sector. Without it, private research will languish and social welfare could suffer. Since 1970 governments around the world have recognized this and strengthened the legal protections for biotechnology processes and products (e.g. patents, plant breeders’ rights a...