Centralized sanctioning institutions have been shown to emerge naturally through social learning, displace all other forms of punishment and lead to stable cooperation. However, this result provokes a number of questions. If centralized sanctioning is so successful, then why do many highly authoritarian states suffer from low levels of cooperation? Why do states with high levels of public good ...

Social/collaborative learning is a learning procedure that is student-centred and involves a task-based and activity-based approach that collaboratively provides several advantages such as: communication, interpersonal and social co-operation, sharing, caring, openness, creativity, management, practicality, responsibility, involvement and participation. Social and collaborative learning improve...

Copying others appears to be a cost-effective way of obtaining adaptive information, particularly when flexibly employed. However, adult humans differ considerably in their propensity to use information from others, even when this 'social information' is beneficial, raising the possibility that stable individual differences constrain flexibility in social information use. We used two dissimilar...

Social learning is a powerful method for cultural propagation of knowledge and skills relying on a complex interplay of learning strategies, social ecology and the human propensity for both learning and tutoring. Social learning has the potential to be an equally potent learning strategy for artificial systems and robots in specific. However, given the complexity and unstructured nature of soci...

background: electronic learning (e-learning), is the use of electronic technology in education via computer and the internet. despite its slow adoption by faculty members, e-learning provides several benefits to individuals and organizations. this study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the adoption of e-learning by faculty members in tabriz university of medical sciences.    m...