Individuals allocate considerable amounts of energy to movement, which ultimately affects their ability to survive and reproduce. Birds fly by flapping their wings, which is dependent on the chemical energy produced by muscle work, or use soaring-gliding flight, in which chemical energy is replaced with energy harvested from moving air masses, such as thermals. Flapping flight requires more ene...

Abstract Results of the speckle-interferometry observations at 4.1 m SOuthern Astrophysical Research Telescope obtained during 2022 are presented: 2508 measurements 1925 resolved pairs or subsystems and 785 nonresolutions 611 targets; 26 here for first time. This work continues our long-term effort to monitor orbital motion in close binaries hierarchical systems. A large number orbits have been...

In this article we demonstrate how knowledge level learning can be performed within the Soar architecture. That is, we demonstrate how Soar can acquire new knowledge that is not deductively implied by its existing knowledge. This demonstration employs Soar's chunking mechanism — a mechanism which acquires new productions from goalbased experience — as its only learning mechanism. Chunking has p...

Cognitive architectures—task-general theories of the structure and function of the complete cognitive system—are sometimes argued to be more akin to frameworks or belief systems than scientific theories. The argument stems from the apparent non-falsifiability of existing cognitive architectures. Newell (1990) was aware of this criticism and argued that architectures should be viewed not as theo...

Water-jug problem is a famous problem in the field of artificial intelligence, computer programming, recreational mathematics and psychology. Classical methods used to solve this problem are Depth first search, Breadth first search, Diophantine approach, etc. These methods are memory and time consuming. This paper implemented a cognitive approach with two new methods to solve water jug problem ...

Cooper and Shallice (1995) raise many issues regarding the unified theories of cognition research program in general, and Soar in particular. In this paper, we examine one specific criticism of Newell’s (1990) treatment of immediate behavior and use it to explain the notion of the modeling idiom within a cognitive architecture. We compare a dual-task model using Newell’s architecture and idiom ...

This paper presents a brief description of Explanation-Based Learning (EBL), and argues that it is an approach to machine learning with signi cant potential for use in discourse processing. More speci cally, EBL can be used by systems that model discourse generation as goaldriven behavior, and that model discourse interpretation as recognizing the speaker's discourse goals. As evidence, we desc...