The present work proposes to improve estimates of snowpack and snowmelt their assessment in the steep Himalayan ranges at sub-catchment scale. Temporal variability streamflow associated distribution accumulated snow catchments with glacier presence Himalayas illustrates how changes can affect water supply for local management. primary objective this study is assess role elevation, temperature l...

We present preliminary data on the gluon propagator in generalized covariant gauges. The motivation for considering a generalized gauge-fixing procedure stems, just as in the continuum, from the necessity of studying the gauge dependence of the Green’s functions. In the covariant gauges it is possible to change the gauge fixing varying the value of the gauge parameter. In the continuum, the gen...

estimating snow melt water equivalent is one of the most important challenges in determining the hydrological regime in mountainous basins. there are some problematic obstacles in field observations, due to inaccessibility as well due to difficulties in snow sampling at snow covered peaks making researchers try to find indirect approaches. one of these methods in use is degree- day model that i...

Accurate mapping of snow cover continues to challenge cryospheric scientists and modelers. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data products have been used since 2000 by many investigators to map and monitor snow cover extent for various applications. Users have reported on the utility of the products and also on problems encountered. Three problems or hindrances in t...

Ghost condensates of dimension two are analysed in a class of nonlinear gauges in pure Yang-Mills theories. These condensates are related to the breaking of the SL(2, R) symmetry, present in these gauges.

Snow is important for water management, and an important component of the terrestrial biosphere and climate system. In this study, the snow models included in the Biome-BGC and Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) terrestrial biosphere models are compared against ground and satellite observations over the Columbia River Basin in the US and Canada and the impacts of differences i...