introduction: we did this study because there were a few studies about aorto-branch junction. methods: four light microscope and electron microscope study, the abdominal aorta, renal artery, and the adjoining right and left renal arteries were dissected out from 4 neonate dogs. results: based on the results, there is only one cell type in the tunica intima of endothelium in both arteries. in ab...

objective(s): thyroid hormones play an essential role in fetal growth and maternal hypo-thyroidism which leads to cardiovascular deficiency in their offspring.  considering this, we intended to investigate the impact of gestational hypothyroidism on offspring vascular contractibility and possible underlying mechanisms. materials and methods: hypothyroidism was induced in female rats by administ...

saffron, crocus sativus l. (c. sativus) is rich in carotenoids and used in traditional medicine for treatment of various conditions such as coughs, stomach disorders, amenorrhea, asthma and cardiovascular disorders. these therapeutic effects of the plant are suggested to be due to its relaxant effect on smooth muscles. the effect of c. sativus and its constituents on different smooth muscles an...

The regulation of ion channels by anionic phospholipids is currently very topical. An outstanding issue is whether phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate and related species act as true second messengers in signaling or behave in a manner analogous to an enzymatic cofactor. This question is especially pertinent regarding ATP-sensitive K+ channels in smooth muscle, for which there is substantial l...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we introduce the structure of a groupoid associated to a vector field‎ ‎on a smooth manifold‎. ‎we show that in the case of the $1$-dimensional manifolds‎, ‎our‎ ‎groupoid has a‎ ‎smooth structure such that makes it into a lie groupoid‎. ‎using this approach‎, ‎we associated to‎ ‎every vector field an equivalence‎ ‎relation on the lie algebra of all vector fields on the smooth...

Threaded and smooth pins are often used in orthopedic surgery. Although uncommon, injury to the soft tissues can and do occur, including nerve or vessel injury from aberrant pin placement. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of nerve injury from threaded pins versus smooth guide pins due to: (1) past-point-drilling of the pin, or (2) entanglement of the pin with soft tissue. Past-...

Consider the single-facility Euclidean κ-centrum location problem in R. This problem is a generalization of the classical Euclidean 1-median problem and 1-center problem. In this paper, we develop two efficient algorithms that are particularly suitable for problems where n is large by using unconstrained optimization techniques. The first algorithm is based on the neural networks smooth approxi...

Mixture distributions have become a very flexible and common class of distributions, used in many different applications, but hardly any literure can be found on tests for assessing their goodnes of fit. We propose two types of smooth tests of goodness of fit for mixture distributions. The first test is a genuine smooth test, and the second test makes explicitly use of the mixture structure. In...

Let Θ be a smooth compact oriented manifold without boundary, imbedded in a euclidean space E, and let γ be a smooth map of Θ into a Riemannian manifold Λ. An unknown state θ ∈ Θ is observed via X = θ + ǫξ where ǫ > 0 is a small parameter and ξ is a white Gaussian noise. For a given smooth prior λ on Θ and smooth estimators g(X) of the map γ we derive a second-order asymptotic expansion for the...

Abstract. Let Θ be a smooth compact oriented manifold without boundary, imbedded in a euclidean space E, and let γ be a smooth map of Θ into a Riemannian manifold Λ. An unknown state θ ∈ Θ is observed via X = θ + ǫξ where ǫ > 0 is a small parameter and ξ is a white Gaussian noise. For a given smooth prior λ on Θ and smooth estimators g(X) of the map γ we have derived a second-order asymptotic e...