The contents of cigarette smoke (gaseous and solid phases) have been attributed to a variety of diseases in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and have been associated with development of different types of cancers. In respiratory system, these compounds specially cause epithelial cell injury, and interfere with mucocilliary transport (MTC). Various parts of Althea officinalis (family M...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral pigmentation is a condition in which the color of oral mucosa such as gingival mucosa changes. Some exogenous and endogenous factors may lead to oral pigmentation. Secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is indirect smoking of an active smoker’s exhalation that can lead to cardiovascular, respiratory system, and some...

Background: Encounter with drug resistance and replacment natural treatment is essential. From olden of Iran and specially Chaharmahal and bakhtiari Province medicinal smokes such as donkey dung & Peganum harmala seed used for treatment of many diseases like Infectious diseases. Regarded to lake of scientific research about antimicrobial effects of this smoke this study was done with aim of com...

Apply the separation principle of the physical contradictions in TRIZ into the simulation of forest fire smoke; propose a forest fire smoke recognition algorithm based on gray bit-plane. To get eight images of moving smoke, the separation process on smoke moving images is necessary; use high-diagram image (the 7th,the 8th image) to extract contours, and extract the contour of the remaining imag...

A global atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) is modified to include radiative transfer parameterizations for the absorption and scattering of solar radiation and the absorption of thermal infrared (IR} radiation by smoke aerosols. The solar scattering modifications include a parameterization for diagnosing smoke optical properties as a function of the timeand spacedependent smoke partic...

Secondhand smoke, also called ‘environmental tobacco smoke,’ is a combination of smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette and smoke exhaled by a smoker. Many epidemiological studies have suggested that secondhand smoke exposure (passive smoking) is related to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and several cancers including lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Recent res...

BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells (ESC), which originate from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, are valuable models for testing the effects of toxicants on preimplantation development. In this study, mouse ESC (mESC) were used to compare the toxicity of mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) cigarette smoke on cell attachment, survival and proliferation. In addition, smoke from a traditional comme...

OBJECTIVES American Indians are more likely to smoke, less likely to have smoke-free homes, and potentially less likely to have worksite smoke-free policies. We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work among a community-based sample of American Indians in the Midwest. METHODS We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work in a sample of American Indians in t...

BACKGROUND There have been many recent developments of in vitro cigarette smoke systems closely replicating in vivo exposures. The Borgwaldt RM20S smoking machine (RM20S) enables the serial dilution and delivery of cigarette smoke to exposure chambers for in vitro analyses. In this study we have demonstrated reliability and robustness testing of the RM20S in delivering smoke to in vitro culture...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether being employed in a smoke-free workplace is associated with living in a smoke-free home in 15 low and middle income countries (LMICs). METHODS Country-specific individual level analyses of cross-sectional Global Adult Tobacco Survey data (2008-2011) from 15 LMICs was conducted using multiple logistic regression. The dependent variable was living in a smoke-free hom...