key elements of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning over the last decade.1-3 Recent advances in technology now permit the clinician to measure dynamic lip-tooth relationships and incorporate that information into the orthodontic problem list and biomechanical plan. Digital videography is particularly useful in both smile analysis and in doctor/patient communication. Smile design is a m...

This thesis describes the design and implementation of a smile detector based on deep convolutional neural networks. It starts with a summary of neural networks, the difficulties of training them and new training methods, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines or autoencoders. It then provides a literature review of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. In order to select ...

The role of a glucagon/cAMP-dependent protein kinase-inducible coactivator PGC-1α signaling pathway is well characterized in hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, an opposing protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt-inducible corepressor signaling pathway is unknown. A previous report has demonstrated that small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) regulates the nuclear receptors and tr...

OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that there is no clinically significant difference between the post-orthodontic treatment images of smiles of subjects captured by clinical photography and the smiles of the same subjects obtained from digital video clips. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical photographs and digital video captures were obtained from 48 orthodontically treated patients. An updat...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to find the factors that affect dental esthetics and smile attractiveness in orthodontically treated patients according to laypeople's judgment, and to determine whether there is any relationship between dental and smile esthetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Q-sort technique, 60 laypersons (30 males, 30 females) rated dental and smile photographs of 48 orthodo...

OBJECTIVE The images of smiling people are omnipresent in marketing. Frequency, smile characteristics, context of the smile and target audience in newspaper advertisements were points of interest of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four examiners analyzed 600 advertisements from 46 European magazines and newspapers by using content and framing analysis. Twenty items of the analysis form the p...

This paper presents a case study showing how the Lotosphere methodology may be applied to the design of communication protocols. The case study deals with the design of a simple, however realistic, connection-oriented data transfer service and illustrates the progression along a design trajectory. Four main design steps have been identiied, and it is shown how to transform the LO-TOS speciicati...

Insulin is the major hormone that regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by repressing gluconeogenic enzyme-encoding genes, and the counteracting glucagon/protein kinase (PKA)–inducible coactivating peroxisome proliferator– activated receptor g coactivator-1a (PGC-1a) signaling pathway is also well characterized in hepatic glucose metabolism (1–3). Until now, however, the regulation of the insuli...

The smile arc is defined as the relationship of the curvature of the incisal edges of the maxillary incisors and canines to the curvature of the lower lip in the posed smile. The ideal smile arc has the maxillary incisal edge curvature parallel to the curvature of the lower lip. Evaluation of anterior smile esthetics must include both static and dynamic evaluations of profile, frontal, and 45 d...