The need to measure, control, and communicate with machinery and equipment has existed since the earliest days of the Industrial Revolution, with instrumentation systems employing sensors and actuators becoming the backbone of the modern manufacturing plant. Communication employing 4-mA-to-20-mA analog current signals to carry data and settings over wires has long been in widespread use. But in...

Most of shape memory alloys are functional intermetallics. They are now practically being used for couplings, actuators, medical guide wires etc., and are hopeful candidates for smart materials, which already exist. In the present paper, recent developments within nearly 10 years on shape memory alloys and martensitic: transformations, on which shape memory e€ect and superelasticity are based, ...

Functionally graded NiTi structures benefit from the combination of the smart properties of NiTi and those of functionally graded structures. This article provides experimental data for thermomechanical deformation behaviour of microstructurally graded, compositionally graded and geometrically graded NiTi alloy components, related to the research article entitled "Functionally graded shape memo...

Embedding of fibers in materials has attracted serious attention from researchers and has become a new research trend. Such material structures are usually termed "smart" or more recently "nervous". Materials can have the capability of sensing and responding to the surrounding environmental stimulus, in the former, and the capability of feeling multiple structural and external stimuli, while fe...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. according to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

introduction: any decrease in friction between orthodontic wire and bracket can accelerate tooth movement in the sliding technique and result in better control of anchorage. the present study was carried out to decrease this friction by coating of zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno) on orthodontic wires and porcelain brackets. materials and methods: in this in vitro study, a combination of 120 0.019...

An efficient design of control strategies for smart structures is based on a reliable simulation of the structural behavior. Due to its general applicability, the finite element method has become the most widely used simulation tool, and it is thus desirable to implement constitutive models for actuators into such a frame. The first part of the paper presents a finite element formulation for a ...

A SMART repeater is proposed for driving capacitively-coupled, global-length on-chip interconnects that alters its drive strength dynamically to match the relative bit pattern on the wires and thus the effective capacitive load. This is achieved by partitioning the driver into main and assistant drivers; for a higher effective load capacitance both drivers switch, while for a lower effective ca...

At Bunbury Regional Hospital, we recently saw a case where Kirschner wires (K-wires), used during open reduction and internal fixation of olecranon, were propelled down the intramedullary canal intraoperatively. The K-wire was only secured unicortically. From our experience, we have developed steps to prevent this complication. First, where the wires are being used as part of a tension band wir...

As a heat-triggered smart material, shape memory alloy (SMA) has been widely used in soft actuators and bioinspired robots. Coupled SMA wires are commonly chosen to achieve reversible actuation, while segment assembling methods the main solutions for complicated bending modes. To address this, dual-stimulus responsive SMA/PDMS were proposed this research. exerted by electrical current, showed p...