Cow manure and sewage sludge add heavy metals to soil. Organic and inorganic fractions in these compounds can immobilize heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and affect their bio-availability. This investigation was conducted to compare the effects of organic and inorganic fractions of sewage sludge and cow manure on distribution of lead chemical forms in soil as a completely randomized design. Treat...

fluorescence chemical sensors for the highly sensitive and selective determination of pb2+ , hg2+, co2+ and fe3+ ions in aqueous solutions are described. the ion sensing system was prepared by incorporating lipophilic ligand (l) as a neutral ion-selective fluoroionophore in the plasticized pvc membrane containing sodium tetraphenylborate or potasium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate as a liphoph...

this research was conducted in two protect and destroy region in the middle zagros, in illam province. in order to identification of ecological species group and evaluate density of regeneration, effect of many factors such as protection, vegetation, physiographic factors, physical and chemical properties of soil in study locations were studied. to achieve these purpose number of 54 plots using...

drought is transient phenomenon , slow , repetitive and integral part of the climate of each region. drought begins with a substantial reduction in precipitation over the long-term average rainfall and over time, reduced soil moisture and surface and ground water resources will continue to decrease. this phenomenon is the most important in bakhtegan basin because of its importance in strategic ...

Background and purpose: Direct application of sewage sludge in agriculture is limited due to the presence of pathogens, improper fermentation of organic waste and heavy metals in the sludge. Co-composting of sewage sludge and other waste is a method for safe and healthy disposal to reuse sewage sludge. This study investigated the possibility of producing compost from sewage sludge and pistachio...

the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

Due to low organic matter content in most of the cultivated soils of Iran and occurrence of drought stress in plants because of low precipitation, application of sewage sludge compost has been recommended for increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility, increasing crop tolerance to water deficit and improving crop yield. So, in this study, the effects of soil moisture an...