The size of the human pupil increases as a function of mental effort. However, this response is slow, and therefore its use is thought to be limited to measurements of slow tasks or tasks in which meaningful events are temporally well separated. Here we show that high-temporal-resolution tracking of attention and cognitive processes can be obtained from the slow pupillary response. Using automa...

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may serve an inherent function in optimizing pulmonary gas exchange efficiency via clustering and scattering of heart beats during the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the respiratory cycle. This study sought to determine whether physiological levels of RSA, enhanced by slow paced breathing, caused more heart beats to cluster in inspiration. In 12 human su...

While being short on time can certainly limit what one remembers, are there always such costs? The current study investigates the impact of time constraints on selective memory and the self-regulated study of valuable information. Participants studied lists of words ranging in value from 1-10 points, with the goal being to maximize their score during recall. Half of the participants studied the...

Readers mentally simulate the perceptual and motoric elements related through text. Sound is one perceptual characteristic of these embodied simulations that has received little attention. Two experiments tested whether movement sounds (walking vs. running) or metronome pulses (fast vs. slow) would modulate reading speed and memory for two different types of spatial descriptions, route and surv...

This study explored the effect of contrastive phrase resynthesis instruction ongaining the teachability hypothesis stages in self-paced versus time-constrained oralproduction and recognition. Three groups (i.e., 23 learners) of high beginner femalelearners in an English language institute were randomly selected from a cohort oflearners. One group received contrastive metalinguistic instruction ...

BACKGROUND Identification of viable slow conduction zones manifested by abnormal local potentials is integral to catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) sites. The relationship between contrast patterns in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and local electrical mapping is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify regions of isolated, late and fractionated ...