Targeting drug delivery to hair follicles is valuable treat conditions such as alopecia’s and acne, this shunt route may also allow deeper skin layers the systemic circulation by avoiding intact stratum corneum. Here, we investigated effects of nanoparticle surface chemistry on their into synthesizing fluorescent thiolated silica nanoparticles functionalizing with 750 Da 5000 methoxypolyethylen...

Development of skin appendages requires interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme. Without the epithelium, dermal condensations cannot develop, and those already formed will disintegrate. Here we explored the molecular basis of this epithelial requirement and tried to identify the molecule(s) responsible by using the chick feather bud development as a model. TGF beta2 is a likely candi...

A large amount of research has been devoted to developing skin organs for studying developmental pathways, modeling diseases, or regenerative medicine purposes. However, the field is still far from fulfilling its dream creating appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. This challenge could be addressed with use human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Nevertheless, current hiPS...

The homeobox gene Msx-2 is expressed specifically in sites of skin appendage formation. To explore its part in skin morphogenesis, we produced transgenic mice expressing Msx-2 under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. The skin of these transgenic mice was flaky, exhibiting desquamation and shorter hairs. Histologic analysis showed thickened epidermis with hyperproliferation, which was ...

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging method, which is painless and non-radioactive, and based on the reflection of sound waves through the tissue. The recent development of high frequency and better resolution equipment has enabled the observation of superficial structures and the identification of the different layers, structures, and appendages of the skin, considerably increasing its use ...

1 Senior Resident, 2 Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology DRPGMC Tanda. Abstract Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection confined to the stratum corneum and appendages of the skin. Health education, timely diagnosis and treatment has brought down the fungal infection rate in developed countries but it is still common in developing countries. Tinea corporis refers to all the ...

Bone is specific to vertebrates, and originated as mineralization around the basal membrane of the throat or skin, giving rise to tooth-like structures and protective shields in animals with a soft cartilage-like endoskeleton. A combination of fossil anatomy and genetic information from modern species has improved our understanding of the evolution of bone. Thus, even in man, there are still si...

Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are the largest family of secreted serine protease endopeptidases encoded by 15 genes clustered on chromosome 19q13.4. Multiple KLK enzymes are co-localized in the upper stratum granulosum and stratum corneum of human epidermis, and in associated appendages such as hair follicle epithelia and sweat glands. Until recently, kallikrein proteolytic activity in the sk...