The anti-skid resistance of six coatings (Alfa, Beta, Gamma, Lambda, Mu and Theta) designed for outdoor wood flooring were tested in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) using a Portable Skid Resistance Tester according to standard ENV 12633. Film thickness, coating retention level, and presence of mineral particles were determined for each coating. Furthermore, the l...

This study was executed to determine the plant species of herbaceous cover in a skid road subjected to soil compaction due to timber skidding in a beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) stand. Our previous studies have shown that ground based timber skidding destroys the soils extremely, and degradations on ecosystem because of the timber skidding limit recovery and growth of plant cover on skid road...

Skid-steering mobile robots are widely used because of their simple mechanism and robustness. However, due to the complex wheel-ground interactions and the kinematic constraints, it is a challenge to understand the kinematics and dynamics of such a robotic platform. In this paper, we develop an analysis and experimental kinematic scheme for a skid-steering wheeled vehicle based-on a laser scann...

The objective of this work is to develop statistical models to predict Locked Wheel Skid Trailer (LWST) skid numbers from Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) and Circular Texture Meter (CTM) measurements conducted on asphalt pavement surfaces. The analyses conducted are descriptive as well as analytical. They include all descriptive measures along with linear and nonlinear regressions. For both analy...

The hydraulic steering mechanism can lead the vehicle’s hydraulic system more complex and the tire wear heavier in the process of steering, which is detrimental to the steering control of the articulated motordriven vehicle. Thus the skid steering mode is implemented in the articulated motor-driven vehicle in this paper. This mode can simplify the vehicle without steering cylinder and it is mor...

Skid-steered vehicles, by design, must skid in order to maneuver. The skidding causes the vehicle to behave discontinuously during a maneuver as well as introduces complications to the observation of the vehicle’s state, both of which affect a controller’s performance. This paper addresses estimation of contact state by applying switched system optimization to estimate skidding properties of th...

Skidding by means of heavy forestry machinery can affect soil physical properties. We assessed the effects of ground based skidding on soil bulk density and total porosity under the Iranian mountainous forest conditions. Treatments included a combination of four levels of traffic intensity (1, 3, 6, and 15 passes) of a Timberjack 450C rubber skidder and two levels of slope (<20% and >20%). The ...

Farm tractors have been applied in forest operations to carry out several tasks such as tree/felling/process-ing, forwarding, loading, skidding and cable yarding. can be equipped with special logging equipment that allows for their safe efficient work the harvesting of stands. This research is aimed collect review available literary sources on productivity farm during operations. The study resu...

Three popular algorithms (FOF, DENMAX, and SKID) to identify halos in cosmological N-body simulations are compared with each other and with the predicted mass function from Press-Schechter theory. It is shown that the resulting distribution of halo masses strongly depends upon the choice of free parameters in the three algorithms, and therefore much care in their choice is needed. For many para...

Engineering applications can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of soil compaction and amend compacted soils. Previous literature has highlighted beneficial interventions such as litter mulching incorporation on skid trails. However, little is known about effectiveness these alternatives in restoring forest quality after logging. The objective this study was properly elucidate above mentio...