Imaging single proteins has been a long-standing ambition for advancing various fields in natural science, as for instance structural biology, biophysics, and molecular nanotechnology. In particular, revealing the distinct conformations of an individual protein is of utmost importance. Here, we show the imaging of individual proteins and protein complexes by low-energy electron holography. Samp...

In optical interconnects, there is an increasing discrepancy between current proposals for optical backplanes, which strongly focus on multimodal waveguides, and those for very high capacity transmitter and receiver modules being realized in silicon photonics, which focus on single mode transmission systems. In this paper we present a boardlevel single mode polymer optical waveguide technology ...

A cell can be thought of as a highly sophisticated micro factory: in a pool of billions of molecules - metabolites, structural proteins, enzymes, oligonucleotides - multi-subunit complexes assemble to perform a large number of basic cellular tasks, such as DNA replication, RNA/protein synthesis or intracellular transport. By purifying single components and using them to reconstitute molecular p...

We propose a modification of our Boolean minimizer BOOM-II enabling a single-level partitioning. The disadvantage of all the present logic synthesis systems is that the minimization and decomposition phases are strictly separated; the minimization process is independent on the subsequent decomposition. We propose a method where the two-level minimization is driven by some decomposition or other...

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of imaging biological molecules across single cells with several hundred nanometer lateral resolution, and has the potential to examine the functional segregation of lipids in cell membranes. Lipids are believed to play a crucial role in fundamental biological functions, such as intercellular communication. For example, high curvature lipids may...

Mediation analysis is a statistical approach used to examine how the effect of an independent variable on an outcome is transmitted through an intervening variable (mediator). In this article, we provide a gentle introduction to single-level and multilevel mediation analyses. Using singlelevel data, we demonstrate an application of structural equation modeling (SEM) in estimating mediation mode...