Biological systems grow, live, adapt, and reproduce, characteristics that are not truly encompassed by any existing computing system. If one considers life on Earth since its very beginning, three levels of organization can be distinguished: phylogeny, ontogeny, and epigenesis. Machines that combine evolutionary mechanisms (Phylogeny), developmental processes (Ontogeny), and learning algorithms...

One of the oldest and most pleasant and efficient kinds of poetry, which have attracted the attention of scholars and lovers of poetry since the beginning of the Persian poetry until now, is elegy. Khaghani Shervani is one of the poets who wrote after this genre and composed many memorable and beautiful elegies. The poet, who like many other people experienced happy and sad events and occasions...

The early fourteenth century Clmnsonnier of the Oxford Bodleian MS Douce 308 is unique among Old French chansonniers in its arrangement of texts according to genre. Because there are no melodies to any of the five hundred and sixteen texts the Chansonnier has been largely ignored by musicologists, despite the fact that a large proportion of the lyrics are known only from this manuscript. This s...

poetic analysis involves the explication of a poem by focusing on the process of semiosis in it. through semiosis linguistic meaning is transformed into stylistic meaning. an examination of semiosis brings us to look at the hypersemanticized poetic structures which are none other than the style features of a poem. since style functions in a literary text by conveying meanings other than literal...

Any poem can be characterized by its rhythm which is also revealing of the poet's peculiar style. In turn, the poem's rhythm is based mainly on two elements: meter, that is distribution of stressed and unstressed syllables in the verse, presence of rhyming and other poetic devices like alliteration, assonance, consonance, enjambements, etc. which contribute to poetic form at stanza level. Tradi...