cardiac disorders remain one of the most important causes of death in the world. oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced cardiac toxicity. recently, several natural products have been utilized in different studies with the aim to protect the progression of oxidative stress-induced cardiac disorders. there is a large body of evidence that a...

The use of botanical dietary supplements has grown steadily over the last 20 years despite incomplete information regarding active constituents, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety. An important but underinvestigated safety concern is the potential for popular botanical dietary supplements to interfere with the absorption, transport, and/or metabolism of pharmaceutical agents. Clinical t...

Shikimic acid and its role in the formation of aromatic amino acids, benzoic acids, and cinnamic acids is described, along with further modifications leading to lignans and lignin, phenylpropenes, and coumarins. Combinations of the shikimate pathway and the acetate pathway are responsible for the biosynthesis of styrylpyrones, flavonoids and stilbenes, flavonolignans, and isoflavonoids. Terpeno...

The medicinal plants find application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industry. The efficacy of some herbal products is beyond doubt, the most recent examples being Silybum marianum (Linn.) Gaertn (silymarin), Artemisia annua Linn. (artemesinin) and Taxus baccata Linn. (taxol). Randomized, controlled trials have proved the efficacy of some established remedies, for instance Z...

by the Greeks, the ' word akantha meaning thorn, thistle, or spine. Of some of the stylized ornaments it is rather . difficult to say whether they were fashioned after one of the thistles, the Acanthus spi: nosus and mollis, or were just imaginary designs. Many thistle-like ; plants, for instance cer? : tain species of silybum, carduus, and cirsium, The Acanthus spino, were known to grow of Dio...

Silymarin is an antihepatotoxic substance isolated from fruits of Silybum marianum. Possibly due to their antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties, the compounds have been shown to protect different organs and cells against a number of insults. The content and composition of main silymarin components (silybin, isosilybin, silydianin and silychristin) in various pharmaceuticals were analy...