We examined the prominent theoretical explanations of the RAN-reading relationship in a relatively transparent language (Greek) in a sample of children (n = 286) followed from Grade 1 to Grade 2. Specifically, we tested the fit of eight different models, as defined by the type of reading performance predicted (oral vs. silent word reading fluency), the type of RAN tasks (non-alphanumeric vs. al...

The present study examined the impact of mind-wandering and distraction in silent and noisy studying environments and how individual differences in working memory capacity offered resistance to these two distinct forms of attention failure. Two groups of participants read a text in different environments and answered reading comprehension questions. While reading, thought probes asked participa...

The picture-word interference paradigm was used to shed new light on the debate concerning slow serial versus fast parallel activation of phonology in silent reading. Prereaders, beginning readers (Grades 1-4), and adults named pictures that had words printed on them. Words and pictures shared phonology either at the beginnings of words (e.g., DOLL-DOG) or at the ends of words (e.g., FOG-DOG). ...

This paper presents findings from two eye-tracking studies designed to investigate the role of metrical prosody in silent reading. In Experiment 1, participants read stress-alternating noun-verb or noun-adjective homographs (e.g. PREsent, preSENT) embedded in limericks, such that the lexical stress of the homograph, as determined by context, either matched or mismatched the metrical pattern of ...

Extensive reading (ER) has been implemented under a wide variety of names, such as (uninterrupted) sustained silent reading, free voluntary reading, pleasure reading, book flood, independent reading, and Drop Everything And Read (DEAR); its various names emphasize different aspects of the same/similar kind of reading. Since a series of pioneering publications by Elley and his colleagues demonst...

A high level of the nucleotide sequence conservation was found for mitochondrial nad3 gene of carrot. Three silent nucleotide substitutions differentiate nad3 open reading frames from cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile carrots. All these differences are preserved on the RNA level. Partial and silent editing also distinguished both carrots. Three of the C to U conversions were specific to...

The article explores the development of peasants’ reading habits over 18th century in Latvian-inhabited Lutheran regions Russia’s Baltic provinces Courland/Kurzeme and Latvian Livonia/Vidzeme. By analysing transition from intensive to extensive patterns, as well loud ceremonial silent private reading, insight into available statistical sources information subscription lists is provided observat...