The purpose of this paper is to examine and update the progress toward meeting macroeconomic environmental “convergence criteria” outlined in original Maastricht Treaty 1991, Kyoto Protocol 1997 its successor climate agreements. Using recently developed econometric models convergence, study presents an inventory convergence properties 12 indicators for a sample 15 EU member countries with data ...

‎given a finite non-cyclic group $g$‎, ‎call $sigma(g)$ the smallest number of proper subgroups of $g$ needed to cover $g$‎. ‎lucchini and detomi conjectured that if a nonabelian group $g$ is such that $sigma(g) < sigma(g/n)$ for every non-trivial normal subgroup $n$ of $g$ then $g$ is textit{monolithic}‎, ‎meaning that it admits a unique minimal normal subgroup‎. ‎in this paper we show how thi...

let $g$ be a simple graph with an orientation $sigma$‎, ‎which ‎assigns to each edge a direction so that $g^sigma$ becomes a‎ ‎directed graph‎. ‎$g$ is said to be the underlying graph of the‎ ‎directed graph $g^sigma$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we define a weighted skew‎ ‎adjacency matrix with rand'c weight‎, ‎the skew randi'c matrix ${bf‎ ‎r_s}(g^sigma)$‎, ‎of $g^sigma$ as the real skew symmetric mat...

We study analytically M-spin-flip stable states in disordered short-ranged Ising models (spin glasses and ferromagnets) in all dimensions and for all M. Our approach is primarily dynamical, and is based on the convergence of sigma(t), a zero-temperature dynamical process with flips of lattice animals up to size M and starting from a deep quench, to a metastable limit sigma(infinity). The result...

Let $A$ be a Banach ternary algebra over a scalar field $Bbb R$ or $Bbb C$ and $X$ be a ternary Banach $A$--module. Let $sigma,tau$ and $xi$ be linear mappings on $A$, a linear mapping $D:(A,[~]_A)to (X,[~]_X)$ is called a Lie ternary $(sigma,tau,xi)$--derivation, if $$D([a,b,c])=[[D(a)bc]_X]_{(sigma,tau,xi)}-[[D(c)ba]_X]_{(sigma,tau,xi)}$$ for all $a,b,cin A$, where $[abc]_{(sigma,tau,xi)}=ata...

A novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) based estimation algorithm is proposed for a 3U Cubsat. This small satellite employs a three axis magnetometer and three MEMS gyroscopes as well as three magnetic torque rods and one reaction wheel on the pitch axis. Unlike the existing UKF, in this paper, an n+1 sigma set is used to estimate the nanosatellite attitude instead of 2n + 1 sigma poin...

Previous work relating the flavour variation of the chiral order parameters Fπ, 〈ūu〉 and S-wave scattering data, based on chiral sum rules and chiral perturbation theory at order p, is extended to include O(p) corrections. The finding of a significant decrease of these order parameters, particularly 〈ūu〉, with the number of flavours increasing from NF = 2 to NF = 3 is confirmed, modulo an assum...

This paper analyses the effect of macroeconomic efficiency Cohesion Policy on within-country economic cohesion as reflected by various measures sigma convergence applying HERMIN models for Czech, Polish and Slovak regions. The results reveal that from 2021 to 2027, will have a relatively small impact convergence. More importantly, seems be doomed fail in terms reducing disparities long run; is,...