As evidenced through numerous studies in recent years, injection drug use (IDU) is a major public health and order problem in Canada. The estimated population of 125,000 injection drug users (IDUs) – approximately one third of whom are living in the three major cities of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver – is characterized by high levels of drug-related mortality (overdose); prevalence of blood-b...

To investigate the fatigue performance of stud connectors steel-concrete structures, crack propagation analysis and life calculation were carried out. Firstly, finite element model with initial based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) was established, parameter stress intensity factors (SIFs) studs cracks different geometric sizes performed. Then, mixed-type I-type calculated, variatio...

Based on the analytical solution of Crouch to the problem of a constant discontinuity in displacement over a finite line segment in an infinite elastic solid, in the present paper, the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements, which can be classified as the left and the right crack-tip elements, are presented to model the singularity of stress near a crack tip. Furthermore, the crack-tip e...

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are exploited for their ability to interact with organic compounds and to increase significantly the fluorescence intensity and the photostability of many fluorescent dye molecules. Metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is therefore widely investigated for biosensing applications. When used in immunoassays, silver island films (SIFs) could augment the fluorescence inten...

This paper presents the mixed mode I/II stress intensity factors (SIFs) of slanted cracks/notches under tension loading. A two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was employed using ABAQUS program. Based on literature survey, there is a lack solutions for SIFs cracks in plane plates. The strain energy approach (SEA) adopted to analyze notched cases. Mode I and II are derived via SEA metho...

Purpose Extraocular muscles express 10 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms that cater for a wide range of contractile speeds. We aim to characterize the variations in MyHC expression along the length of singly (SIFs) and multiply innervated fibers (MIFs) in the orbital layer of rabbit superior rectus muscle. Methods Monospecific antibodies to nine MyHCs, including an anti-slow-tonic antibody c...

BACKGROUND Conventional drug overdose prevention strategies have been criticised for failing to address the macro- and micro-environmental factors that shape drug injecting practices and compromise individual ability to reduce the risks associated with drug-related overdose. This in turn has led to calls for interventions that address overdose risks by modifying the drug-using environment, incl...

An interaction integral method for evaluating mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for two dimensional crack problems using NURBS-based isogeometric analysis method is investigated. The interaction integral method is based on the path independent J-integral. By introducing a known auxiliary field solution, the mixed-mode SIFs are calculated simultaneously. Among features of B-spline basis...

The present work investigates the effect of the elliptical three-dimensional (3D) cracks on a pipe with thickness transition, considering internal pressure. Level sets were defined using the extended finite element method (XFEM), the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of 3D cracks were investigated and compared between straight pipes and pipes with thickness transition. The results show that the X...