Oil shortages have been predicted over the past 30 years. In fact, oil is more plentiful now in an economic sense than in 1973. The reason for such misconceptions lies mainly in reliance on analytical techniques that do not comprehend oil as an economic commodity. r 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The world has a shortage of financial assets. Asset supply is having a hard time keeping up with the global demand for store of value and collateral by households, corporations, governments, insurance companies, and financial intermediaries more broadly. These shortages have been a perennial problem in emerging markets, where many of their economic perils and idiosyncrasies stem from this featu...

This investigation presents an economic production quantity (EPQ) model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand and shortages. It is assumed that a constant fraction of the on-hand inventory deteriorates and demand rate depends upon the amount of the stock level. Expression for various optimal indices as well as cost analysis are provided. By taking numerical illustration, sensitivi...

OBJECTIVE Global achievements in health may be limited by critical shortages of health-care workers. To help guide workforce policy, we estimate the future demand for, need for and supply of physicians, by WHO region, to determine where likely shortages will occur by 2015, the target date of the Millennium Development Goals. METHODS Using World Bank and WHO data on physicians per capita from ...

In this paper we develop an economic order quantity model to investigate the optimal replenishment policies for instantaneous deteriorating items under inflation and trade credit. Demand rate is a linear function of selling price and decreases negative exponentially with time over a finite planning horizon. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Under these conditions, we model the ret...

the increase of healthcare costs improved as a rule the health of the population. sometimes the positive effects of this expense are shaded off. on one hand, this expense improves the offer of the medical care. other influential factors on the health of population, we quote as example the training, the lifestyle, the hygiene and the distribution of income. on the other hand the increase of thes...

developing countries that have almost oil reserves have no enough mega projects' management ability, technology and finance resources to manage and finish a mega project. host countries for achievement these technologies and resources have to cooperate with foreign and international companies.  different contractual frameworks are used in conjunction with obtaining these technologies and c...