We examine the impact of corporate currency hedging on economic stability by introducing hedging activity in a Mundell-Fleming-Tobin framework for analyzing currency and financial crises. The ratio between hedged and unhedged firms is modelled depending on firm size as well as hedging costs. The results indicate that, with an increasing fraction of hedged firms in an economy, the magnitude of a...

Liu process is a new tool to deal with the noise process based on uncertainty theory. In this paper, we view the foreign exchange rate as an uncertain process, described by an uncertain differential equation driven by Liu process, and build an uncertain currency model. Then the uncertain currency option processes are discussed. Moreover, European and American currency option pricing formulas ar...

This paper characterizes the integration patterns of international currency unions (such as the CFA Franc zone). We empirically explore different features of currency unions, and compare them to countries with sovereign monies by examining the criteria for Mundell’s concept of an optimum currency area. We find that members of currency unions are more integrated than countries with their own cur...

Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods System, exchange arrangements of countries have become flexible. Several attempts have been made to determine whether the theories of optimum currency areas adequately explain the choice of an exchange rate system. In this paper, the optimum currency area is retested. Using cross-section data, a regression analysis of the choice of an exchange rate syste...

Digital storm which has taken the world changed way organisations function. It brought in a huge change sell and transact. In case of India major e-payment started after demonetization (change national currency) happened. is when people were forced to transact through cashless methods shortage cash. First time small merchants did business methods. Though, still avoid digital prefer cash transac...

This paper examines the effects of inflation and currency substitution volatility on the average rates of inflation and currency substitution for twelve emerging market economies. Using a bivariate GARCH-in-Mean model, which accommodates for asymmetric and spillover effects of inflation and currency substitution innovations on their volatilities, we find that for the majority of the countries i...

This paper examines how unhedged currency exposure of firms varies with changes in currency flexibility. A sequence of four time-periods with alternating high and low currency volatility in India provides a natural experiment in which changes in currency exposure of a panel of firms is measured, and the moral hazard versus incomplete markets hypotheses tested. We find that firms carried higher ...