BACKGROUND Facet joints are considered to be a common source of chronic spinal pain. Facet joint interventions, including intraarticular injections, medial branch nerve blocks, and neurotomy (radiofrequency and cryoneurolysis) are used to manage chronic facet-mediated spinal pain. A systematic review of therapeutic facet interventions published in January 2005, concluded that facet intervention...

This paper studies a Markov chain for phylogenetic reconstruction which uses a popular transition between tree topologies known as subtree pruning-and-regrafting (SPR). We analyze the Markov chain in the simpler setting where the generating tree consists of very short edge lengths, short enough so that each sample from the generating tree (or character in phylogenetic terminology) is likely to ...

abstract turbidity current is one of the most important factors that effect the sediments distribution and also their transportation and release from reservoir. in this study, effects of these currents on sedimentation process in sefidroud dam were simulated by tcm model in 30 years period. comparison between the case of turbidity currents that reach to the dam wall and release from the reservo...

This paper studies a Markov chain for phylogenetic reconstruction which uses a popular transition between tree topologies known as subtree pruning-and-regrafting (SPR). We analyze the Markov chain in the simpler setting that the generating tree consists of very short edge lengths, short enough so that each sample from the generating tree (or character in phylogenetic terminology) is likely to h...

Flexible and dynamic supply chain network design problem has been studied by many researchers during past years. Since integration of short-term and long-term decisions in strategic planning leads to more reliable plans, in this paper a multi-objective model for a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network design problem is proposed. The planning horizon of this model contains multiple strate...

A b s t r a c t . In this paper, we investigate the exact distribution of the waiting time for the r-th t-overlapping occurrence of success-runs of a specified length in a sequence of two state Markov dependent trials. The probability generating functions are derived explicitly, and as asymptotic results, relationships of a negative binomial distribution of order k and an extended Poisson distr...

In this paper the authors will try to discuss the applicability of Wigner-Ville Distribution for the digital analysis of auscultatory sounds. First of all, thte issues related to computer aided diagnosis are presented. Next, the methodology of research is shown and subsequently, the types of sounds are described. Another element of this work is the presentation of issues related to the digital ...

We ask whether stock returns in France, Germany, Japan, the UK and the US are predictable by three instruments: the dividend yield, the earnings yield and the short rate. The predictability regression is suggested by a present value model with earnings growth, payout ratios and the short rate as state variables. We find the short rate to be the only robust short-run predictor of excess returns,...