All vehicles use suspension system. The suspension system mainly consists of a mechanical spring and a damper. The damper dissipates the mechanical energy into heat and thus damps down the vehicle oscillations. In a bid to reduce the vehicle emissions, many technologies are being thought to reduce energy losses and also recover energy from the energy losses if any. One such technology is regene...

High speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. The air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. To arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

In this paper we present an investigation of numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the diffusive shock acceleration in the test particle limit. Very high gamma flow astrophysical plasmas, have been used, from γ up ∼ 50 up to γ up ∼ 1000 ,which could be relevant to the suggested models of AGNs Jets and their Central Engines as well as the ultra-relativistic shock particle acceleration in Gamma Ra...

In this paper we present an investigation of numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the diffusive shock acceleration in the test particle limit. Very high gamma flow astrophysical plasmas, have been used, from γ up ∼ 50 up to γ up ∼ 1000 ,which could be relevant to the suggested models of AGNs Jets and their Central Engines as well as the ultra-relativistic shock particle acceleration in Gamma Ra...

Supersonic turbulence generates distributions of shock waves. Here, we analyse the shock waves in threedimensional numerical simulations of uniformly driven supersonic turbulence, with and without magnetohydrodynamics and self-gravity. We can identify the nature of the turbulence by measuring the distribution of the shock strengths. We find that uniformly driven turbulence possesses a power law...

High speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. The air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. To arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

For some coronal mass ejections (CMEs), their interaction with the ambient solar wind can produce a forward-reverse shock pair. The high-speed mass ejecta compresses the plasma near the top of the CME on both sides of the tangential discontinuity which separates the CME plasma from the ambient solar wind plasma. The front of the compressed CME plasma propagates in the reverse direction relative...

We construct exact, entropy satisfying shock wave solutions of the Einstein equations for a perfect fluid which extend the Oppeheimer-Snyder (OS) model to the case of non-zero pressure, inside the Black Hole. These solutions put forth a new Cosmological Model in which the expanding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe emerges from the Big Bang with a shock wave at the leading edge of the e...