in many signal processing applications, an appropriate measure to comparetwo signals plays a fundamental role in both implementing the algorithm andevaluating its performance. several techniques have been introduced in literature assimilarity measures. however, the existing measures are often either impractical forsome applications or they have unsatisfactory results in some other applications....

Background and purpose: Nowadays High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as nonionizing radiation is used for cancer treatment. Ultrasound beams when crossing the border of two environments are refracted causing decrease in the beam focusing within a tumor. Also, it may induce damage to normal tissues. In this study, we evaluated the focal depth shift induced by ultrasonic beam refraction. Mat...

Mean shift clustering finds the modes of the data probability density by identifying the zero points of the density gradient. Since it does not require to fix the number of clusters in advance, the mean shift has been a popular clustering algorithm in various application fields. A typical implementation of the mean shift is to first estimate the density by kernel density estimation and then com...

We study a classM of cyclically presented groups that includes both finite and infinite groups and is defined by a certain combinatorial condition on the defining relations. This class includes many finite metacyclic generalized Fibonacci groups that have been previously identified in the literature. By analysing their shift extensions we show that the groups in the class M are are coherent, su...