The effects of NaCl (1 and 2%), added-water (AW; 30 and 40%), milk protein hydrolysate (MPH; 1, 2 and 3%), and end-point cooking temperature (EPT; 71.1 and 76.7 C) were examined. Regardless of the formulation, all turkey-beef frankfurters contained less than 0.4% fat. As levels of NaCl in the formula increased, the frankfurters had lower (P< 0.05) penetration values (total energy and peak force...

Bending analyses of isotropic, functionally graded, laminated composite, and sandwich beams are carried out using a quasi-3D polynomial shear and normal deformation theory. The most important feature of the proposed theory is that it considers the effects of transverse shear and transverse normal deformations. It accounts for parabolic variations in the strain/stress produced by transverse shea...

We analyze the initiation and propagation of adiabatic shear bands in a tungsten heavy alloy by modeling each constituent as a heat-conducting, microporous, isotropic, elastothermoviscoplastic material. The two constituents are assumed to be perfectly bonded to each other so that the temperature, heat flux, displacements, and surface tractions are continuous across an interface between a tungst...

This paper focuses on the response of circular machine foundation resting on different soils (sand and clay) through studying the variation of soil shear strength parameters and strain with the number of cycles. The objective of the current study is to explore the results related to the parameters of the dynamic load (number of loading cycles and frequency of load) related to the circular footi...

This paper studies the propagation of disturbances in an initially stress-free elastic circular rod. Starting from the Mindlin-Hermann equations, we derive a fourth-order partial differential equation as the governing equation for small axial-radial deformations in a rod composed of an incompressible material. Then, we consider an initial-value problem with an initial singularity in the shear s...

new structural, metamorphic, finite strain and kinematic vorticity data for granitic gneiss and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of thetanumaharea in the arabian shield in saudi arabia reveal a history of deformation reflecting different tectonic regimes. kinematic analysis shows their relationship to the nappe contacts between the granitic gneiss and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks and explains the...

The fidelity of cell culture simulations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that yield tolerance and mechanistic information relies on both the cellular models and mechanical insult parameters. We have designed and characterized an electro-mechanical cell shearing device in order to produce a controlled high strain rate injury (up to 0.50 strain, 30 s(-1) strain rate) that deforms three-dimensiona...

One of the most striking manifestations of instability in solid mechanics is the localiza-tion of shear strain into narrow bands during high speed, plastic deformations of metals. According to one theory, the formation of shear bands is attributed to eeective strain-softening response, which results at high strain rates as the net outcome of the innuence of thermal softening on the, normally, s...

The growth plate is a highly organized section of cartilage in the long bones of growing children that is susceptible to mechanical failure as well as structural and functional disruption caused by a dietary deficiency of vitamin D. The shear mechanical properties of the proximal tibial growth plate of rats raised either on normal or vitamin D and calcium deficient diets were measured. A sinuso...

Gels formed by semiflexible fibers such as most biopolymers exhibit non-linear behavior in their response to shear deformation, e.g., with a pronounced strain stiffening and negative normal stress. These negative normal stresses suggest that networks would collapse axially when subject to shear stress. This coupling of axial and shear deformations can have particularly important consequences fo...