in the present paper, the deformation zone of the ecae (equal channel angular extrusion) process was investigated using the upper bound theorem. for this purpose, the shape of the streamlines in the deformation zone was assumed to be cubic bezier curves. then, the force required for the ecae process was optimized with regard to the parameters defining the shape of streamlines by the upper bound...

Turbulent flow of water in a short 0.4mm high micro-channel of an emulsifier is investigated experimentally using a micro-PIV technique and compared with numerical predictions. The micro-flow measurements are based on epi-fluorescence illumination and high-speed imaging. Velocity fields obtained from the measurements and direct numerical simulations indicate that flow turbulization is delayed a...

The spitting cobra Naja pallida can eject its venom towards an offender from a distance of up to two meters. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the relatively large distance covered by the venom jet although the venom channel is only of micro-scale. Therefore, we analysed factors that influence secondary flow and pressure drop in the venom channel, which incl...

Stimuli-responsive materials that modify their shape in response to changes in environmental conditions-such as solute concentration, temperature, pH, and stress-are widespread in nature and technology. Applications include micro- and nanoporous materials used in filtration and flow control. The physiochemical mechanisms that induce internal volume modifications have been widely studied. The co...

Recently, there have been increasing interests in inferring mirco-expression from facial image sequences. Due to subtle facial movement of micro-expressions, feature extraction has become an important and critical issue for spontaneous facial micro-expression recognition. Recent works used spatiotemporal local binary pattern (STLBP) for micro-expression recognition and considered dynamic textur...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the present study, micro-channel arrays were fabricated on the surface of plastic-based disposable chips. The cell adhesion process and the detection of plaque-forming macrophages were observed. Further, we evaluated cell adhesion in a fluid system in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Features of the micro-channel (1.4 mm wide and 10 mm long) included twenty micro-pillar...

The three dimensional circuit (3D-IC) brings forth new challenges to physical design such as allocation and management of through-silicon-vias (TSVs). Meanwhile, the thermal issues in 3D-IC becomes significant necessitating the use of active cooling schemes such as micro-channel liquid coolings. Both TSVs and micro-channels go through the interlayer regions of 3D-IC resulting in potential resou...