Salinization of soil is primarily caused by capillary rise from saline shallow groundwater orapplication of saline irrigation water. In this investigation, the transient state analytical modelwas modified to predict water uptake from saline shallow groundwater, actual cropevapotranspiration, soil water content, dry matter, seed yield and soil salinity under differentsaline groundwater depths, i...

the zerebar lake is a shallow freshwater lake located in the northwestern iran. the lake is surrounded by three human activities: agriculture, tourism and dam. the present study aimed to investigate (1) which human activity has the greatest impact on eutrophication of the zerebar lake (2) if phytoplankton communities, as the indicator, are correlated with the human activities. water samples wer...

Integrated waterworks on rivers have a great impact the state of natural waterways. With commissioning hydroelectric facilities and reservoirs that regulate river flow, new hydrological channel regime is created; intensity nature processes change. The regulation runoff by hydropower systems introduces changes in travel navigation conditions question, especially lower pools. In this paper, an as...

ground differential movements due to faulting have been observed to cause damage to engineered structures and facilities. although surface fault rupture is not a new problem, there are only a few building codes in the world containing some type of provisions for reducing the risks. fault setbacks or avoidance of construction in the proximity to seismically active faults, are usually supposed as...

BACKGROUND We present a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the shallow water (high intertidal) barnacle genus Chthamalus, focusing on member species in the western hemisphere. Understanding the phylogeny of this group improves interpretation of classical ecological work on competition, distributional changes associated with climate change, and the morphological evolution of complex cirripede ...

Groundwater movement and availability in crystalline and metamorphosed rocks is dominated by the secondary porosity generated through fracturing. The distributions of fractures and fracture zones determine permeable pathways and the productivity of these rocks. Controls on how these distributions vary with depth in the shallow subsurface (<300m) and their resulting influence on groundwater flow...